Summer is a beautiful time to enjoy the outdoors with your horse. But as temperatures climb, so does the risk of heat-related illness. Just like humans, horses can suffer from heat stress and, in severe cases, heat stroke. That’s why it’s critical to understand how to recognize the signs and take proactive steps to keep your horse safe and comfortable.
What Is Heat Stress?
Heat stress occurs when a horse’s internal cooling system is no longer able to regulate body temperature effectively. This often happens during high temperatures, high humidity, or intense exercise. If left unmanaged, heat stress can lead to serious complications like dehydration, shock, or even collapse.
The horse’s normal body temperature typically ranges from 37.5–38.5°C (99–101.5°F). Anything above 40.5°C (105°F) is cause for concern and may indicate the onset of heat stroke—a potentially life-threatening emergency.
Warning Signs to Watch For
Knowing the signs of heat stress and heat stroke can make all the difference. Monitor your horse closely during warm weather or periods of exertion.
Common signs of heat stress include:
- Elevated rectal temperature (above 103°F / 39.5°C)
- Rapid breathing and flared nostrils
- Increased heart rate
- Lethargy or reluctance to move
- Excessive sweating or, conversely, no sweating
- Dehydration: tacky gums, sunken eyes, or reduced urination
- Diminished appetite
In severe cases (heat stroke), symptoms may escalate to:
- Rectal temperature exceeding 105°F (40.5°C)
- Staggering, incoordination, or collapse
- Very rapid heart and respiratory rates
- Extended skin tent when testing hydration
- Signs of agitation or distress
If you observe any of these signs, stop all activity, move your horse to a shaded area, and begin cooling them down immediately. If symptoms persist or worsen within 20 minutes, call your veterinarian.
Why Horses Struggle in the Heat
Despite being incredible athletes, horses are not as heat-tolerant as we might think. They generate a lot of heat during exercise due to their large muscle mass and relatively small surface area for heat loss. Sweating is their main cooling mechanism—losing up to 4 gallons per hour in extreme heat.
Unfortunately, high humidity prevents sweat from evaporating effectively, trapping heat and raising the risk of dehydration and electrolyte loss.
Contributing Risk Factors
Some horses are more vulnerable to heat stress than others. Keep an eye on:
- Foals and senior horses – less efficient thermoregulation
- Overweight or unfit horses – fat insulates, making it harder to cool down
- Long travel – confined spaces with poor airflow and limited water access
- Thick coats or heavy blanketing
Prevention Strategies
When it comes to heat stress, prevention is always the best medicine. Try these management strategies to help your horse beat the heat:
Modify Exercise Routines
- Avoid riding during peak heat (typically 12–5 PM)
- Use early mornings or cooler evenings for training
- Watch for early fatigue—even low-intensity work in heat can be harmful
Prioritize Hydration & Electrolytes
- Always provide access to clean, cool water
- In hot weather, horses may drink up to 19 gallons per day
- Use electrolyte supplements to replenish minerals lost through sweat (especially sodium, potassium, and chloride)
- Avoid giving large quantities of plain water alone after heavy sweating, as this can dilute existing electrolytes
Utilize Cooling Tools
- Install fans or mist systems in barns and shelters
- Walk your horse in shaded areas after workouts
- Hose down with cool water
- Use ice packs or cold towels on the neck and chest if temperatures remain high
- Skip cooling sheets during active heat stress—they can trap heat if the horse is still sweating
Consider Clipping
- Thick coats can trap heat—body clipping in the summer can help some horses cool more efficiently
Emergency Response: Cooling Down a Hot Horse
If your horse becomes overheated:
- Move to shade or a well-ventilated area
- Hose down with cool water continuously (focus on large muscle groups and neck)
- Walk gently to promote circulation
- Use ice on large blood vessels along the neck and shoulders if the temperature is dangerously high
- Offer small sips of water with electrolytes
- Monitor rectal temperature—if it doesn’t drop below 103°F (39.5°C) within 15–20 minutes, call your vet
Conclusion
Heat stress is a real concern during the summer months, but it’s also highly preventable. Understanding the warning signs and taking simple, proactive steps can protect your horse’s health and ensure you both enjoy the season safely.
Effective Weed Control: Essentials for Your Lawn
Maintaining a pristine lawn in the Maritimes can be challenging, especially when weeds start to invade your green space. However, with the right strategies and products, you can keep your lawn looking its best. Here are some essential tips and products for effective weed control.
Understanding Common Weeds in the Maritimes
The first step in effective weed control is identifying the common weeds that plague lawns in the Maritimes. Some of the most prevalent include dandelions, crabgrass, and clover. Knowing what you’re up against will help you choose the right control methods.
Specific Weeds in the Maritimes
- Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale): A widely recognized weed with yellow flowers and rosette-shaped leaves.
- Chickweed (Stellaria media): A low-growing weed with small, white flowers and fleshy leaves.
- Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense): A perennial weed with spiny leaves and purple flower heads.
- Crabgrass (Digitaria spp.): A common grassy weed that grows in lawns and other disturbed areas.
- Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis): A vining weed with trumpet-shaped flowers and heart-shaped leaves.
- Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti): An annual weed with large, velvety leaves and pale yellow flowers.
- Yellow Rocket (Barbarea vulgaris): A biennial weed with yellow flowers and dissected leaves.
- Yellow Nut Sedge (Cyperus esculentus): A grassy weed with rhizomes (underground stems) that can be difficult to control.
- Tansy Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea): A biennial weed with yellow flowers and pinnate leaves.
- White Cockle (Lychnis alba): A biennial weed with white flowers and lance-shaped leaves.
- Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca): A native perennial weed with pinkish-white flowers and lance-shaped leaves, also important for monarch butterflies.
- Partridge Berry (Mitchella repens): A low-growing ground cover with oval, green leaves and red berries.
- Common Blue Wood-Aster (Symphyotrichum cordifolium): A perennial plant with blue or purple flowers and heart-shaped leaves.
Factors Influencing Weed Growth
- Soil conditions: Weeds thrive in disturbed or nutrient-poor soils.
- Disturbed areas: Roadsides, pastures, and harvested tree lots are prone to weed invasion.
- Climate: Environmental conditions like temperature and moisture can influence weed distribution and growth.
Weeds can tell you a lot about your soil because all plant species prefer specific environmental conditions to thrive. Does the soil have too little nitrogen or is it eroded or too compacted? Here is a more detailed review of each type of weed and the specific factors that influence their growth on lawns:
Dandelions are quite resilient and can thrive in various conditions. Here are some key factors that influence their growth on lawns:
- Soil Compaction: Dandelions can grow well in compacted soil where grass roots struggle to penetrate
- Thin Turf: Sparse grass provides less competition, allowing dandelion seeds to germinate more easily.
- Excess Soil Moisture: Dandelions thrive in moist-to-wet soil conditions, especially when the grass is weakened by waterlogged soil
- Soil Acidity: Dandelions prefer slightly acidic soil, which might indicate your lawn’s pH is not optimal for grass
- Calcium Deficiency: Soil lacking calcium can favor dandelion growth, as these plants can pull nutrients from deeper layers to the surface
- Mowing Practices: Cutting grass too short can reduce its ability to compete with dandelions
To manage dandelions, maintaining a healthy, dense lawn is crucial. Regular aeration, proper mowing, and balanced fertilization can help keep these weeds at bay.
Chickweed (Stellaria media) is a common lawn weed that thrives under various conditions. Here are some key factors influencing its growth:
- Soil Type: Chickweed prefers moist, fertile, and well-drained soils. It can tolerate a wide range of soil pH levels
- Moisture Levels: It thrives in moist conditions but can also tolerate some drought
- Climate Conditions: Chickweed is cold-hardy and often flourishes in cooler seasons, even under snow cover
- Disturbed Soil: Areas with disturbed soil, such as those with frequent foot traffic or lawn maintenance activities, are ideal for chickweed growth
- Shade: Chickweed can grow in both sunny and shaded areas, but it often forms dense patches in shaded lawns
- High Nitrogen Levels: Chickweed tends to do well in soils with high nitrogen content
To manage chickweed, maintaining a healthy lawn through proper fertilization, regular mowing, and using turfgrasses well-adapted to your site conditions is essential. Postemergence herbicides containing dicamba, MCPP, and fluroxypyr can also be effective.
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) is a persistent and invasive weed that can be challenging to manage on lawns. Here are some key factors that influence its growth:
- Soil Disturbance: Canada Thistle thrives in disturbed soils, such as those found in areas with frequent foot traffic or lawn maintenance activities
- Moisture Levels: It prefers moist soil conditions but can also tolerate dry periods
- Soil Fertility: This weed can grow in a variety of soil types but tends to do well in fertile soils
- Sunlight: Canada Thistle grows best in full sun but can also tolerate partial shade
- Root System: It has an extensive root system that can penetrate deep into the soil (up to 6 feet) and spread horizontally (up to 15 feet), allowing it to form dense patches
- Seed Dispersal: The seeds are equipped with a pappus (a tuft of hairs) that aids in wind dispersal, allowing them to spread over long distances
To manage Canada Thistle, it’s important to maintain a healthy, dense lawn to outcompete the weed. Regular mowing, proper fertilization, and possibly the use of herbicides can help control its spread.
Crabgrass (Digitaria spp.) is a common and troublesome weed in lawns. Here are some key factors that influence its growth:
- Soil Temperature: Crabgrass seeds germinate when soil temperatures consistently reach between 55°F and 60°F (13°C to 16°C) in the spring
- Sunlight: It thrives in sunny areas and can outcompete turfgrass in these conditions
- Soil Compaction: Compacted soil provides an ideal environment for crabgrass, as it struggles to compete with healthy, dense turf
- Moisture Levels: Crabgrass prefers moist conditions but can also tolerate drought, making it adaptable to various watering regimes
- Mowing Practices: Mowing the lawn too short can stress the grass and create opportunities for crabgrass to establish
- Bare Spots: Areas of the lawn that are thin or bare are prime spots for crabgrass to take hold
To manage crabgrass, maintaining a healthy, dense lawn is crucial. This includes proper mowing, watering, and fertilization practices. Pre-emergent herbicides can be applied in early spring to prevent crabgrass seeds from germinating, and post-emergent herbicides can be used to control any that do appear.
Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) is a persistent weed that can be challenging to control. Here are some key factors that influence its growth on lawns:
- Soil Type: Bindweed thrives in moist, deep, fertile soils but can also tolerate poor, dry, gravelly soils
- Climate: It grows well in temperate, Mediterranean, and tropical climates
- oil Moisture: While it prefers moist conditions, bindweed seldom grows in wet soils
- Shade: Bindweed growth can be partially reduced by shade from other plants
- Root System: Bindweed has an extensive root system that can reach depths of up to 20 feet, making it difficult to eradicate
- Nitrogen Levels: Adequate nitrogen fertilization can help manage bindweed by promoting healthy grass growth
To control bindweed, maintaining a healthy lawn through proper fertilization, irrigation, and mowing practices is essential.
Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) is a resilient weed that can thrive under various conditions. Here are some key factors that influence its growth:
- Soil Moisture: Velvetleaf prefers moist soil conditions but can tolerate moderate water stress. It grows best when soil moisture is maintained at 75% to 100% field capacity
- Soil Fertility: It thrives in fertile soils and can grow quickly during the hot summer months
- Sunlight: Velvetleaf can grow under both full sun and partially shaded conditions, making it adaptable to different light environments
- Temperature: It grows well in warm temperatures but is not frost-tolerant and dies with the first hard frost
- Seed Dormancy: Velvetleaf seeds exhibit considerable dormancy, allowing them to survive in the soil for over 50 years. Scarification of the seed coat by microbial action, soil action, or tillage permits water entry and germination
- Disturbed Soil: Areas with disturbed soil, such as those with frequent foot traffic or lawn maintenance activities, are ideal for velvetleaf growth
To manage velvetleaf, maintaining a healthy, dense lawn through proper fertilization, regular mowing, and minimizing soil disturbance is essential. Herbicides can also be effective in controlling this weed.
Yellow Rocket (Barbarea vulgaris) is a resilient weed that can thrive in various conditions. Here are some key factors that influence its growth:
- Soil Moisture: Yellow Rocket prefers moist, well-drained soils but can tolerate a range of moisture conditions
- Soil Fertility: It thrives in fertile soils and can grow quickly, especially in nutrient-rich environments
- Sunlight: This weed can grow in both full sun and partial shade, making it adaptable to different light conditions
- Temperature: Yellow Rocket is a cool-season plant that can germinate in both spring and fall. It is frost-tolerant and can survive through winter
- Disturbed Soil: Areas with disturbed soil, such as those with frequent foot traffic or lawn maintenance activities, are ideal for Yellow Rocket growth
- Seed Dispersal: The seeds of Yellow Rocket can remain viable in the soil for several years, allowing it to re-establish even after removal
To manage Yellow Rocket, maintaining a healthy, dense lawn through proper fertilization, regular mowing, and minimizing soil disturbance is essential. Post-emergent herbicides containing 2,4-D, MCPP, and dicamba can also be effective.
Tansy Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) is a resilient weed that can thrive under various conditions. Here are some key factors that influence its growth:
- Soil Type: Tansy Ragwort grows well in medium to light-textured soils, including calcareous soils, organic-rich alluvium, light loam, and clay-with-flints
- Moisture Levels: It prefers areas with sufficient rainfall (around 34 inches or 860 millimeters per year) but is absent where the water table is high
- Sunlight: This weed can grow in both full sun and partial shade, making it adaptable to different light conditions
- Temperature: Tansy Ragwort is a winter annual, biennial, or short-lived perennial that can grow between 8-36 inches tall but can attain heights greater than 6 feet under optimal conditions
- Disturbed Soil: Areas with disturbed soil, such as those with frequent foot traffic or lawn maintenance activities, are ideal for Tansy Ragwort growth
- Seed Dispersal: The seeds are equipped with a pappus that aids in wind dispersal, allowing them to spread over long distances
To manage Tansy Ragwort, maintaining a healthy, dense lawn through proper fertilization, regular mowing, and minimizing soil disturbance is essential. Herbicides containing 2,4-D and picloram can be effective when applied to actively growing immature plants.
White Cockle (Lychnis alba), also known as White Campion, is a resilient weed that can thrive in various conditions. Here are some key factors that influence its growth:
- Soil Type: White Cockle prefers well-drained soils and is commonly found in pastures, along right-of-ways, and in hay fields
- Moisture Levels: It thrives in moist conditions but is seldom seen in very dry climates
- Sunlight: This weed is a “sun-lover” and grows best in full sun, although it can tolerate partial shade
- Temperature: White Cockle seedlings do not tolerate high temperatures well, making it more prevalent in cooler climates
- Seed Dispersal: Each female plant can produce over 24,000 seeds, which can remain viable in the soil for up to three years. The seeds are similar in size and shape to clover and alfalfa seeds, often leading to contamination
- Disturbed Soil: Areas with disturbed soil, such as those with frequent foot traffic or lawn maintenance activities, are ideal for White Cockle growth
To manage White Cockle, maintaining a healthy, dense lawn through proper fertilization, regular mowing, and minimizing soil disturbance is essential. Herbicides can also be effective in controlling this weed.
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) is a resilient plant that can thrive in various conditions. Here are some key factors that influence its growth:
- Soil Type: Common Milkweed prefers well-drained soils but can grow in a variety of soil types, including sandy and loamy soils
- Moisture Levels: It thrives in moist conditions but can tolerate periods of drought. Consistent moisture helps in optimal growth
- Sunlight: This plant grows best in full sun but can also tolerate partial shade
- Temperature: Common Milkweed grows well in warm temperatures. Elevated temperatures can increase its growth, while water stress can decrease it
- Seed Dormancy: The seeds require a period of cold stratification to break dormancy. This means they need to be exposed to cold, moist conditions for a few weeks before they can germinate
- Disturbed Soil: Areas with disturbed soil, such as those with frequent foot traffic or lawn maintenance activities, are ideal for Common Milkweed growth
To manage Common Milkweed, maintaining a healthy, dense lawn through proper fertilization, regular mowing, and minimizing soil disturbance is essential.
Partridge Berry (Mitchella repens) is a low-growing, evergreen plant that can thrive in various conditions. Here are some key factors that influence its growth:
- Soil Type: Partridge Berry prefers well-drained, slightly acidic soils. It is commonly found in mature forests with rich, organic soil
- Moisture Levels: It thrives in moist, well-drained conditions but can tolerate some drought once established
- Sunlight: This plant grows best in partial to full shade, making it ideal for shaded areas of the lawn
- Temperature: Partridge Berry is hardy and can survive in a range of temperatures, but it prefers cooler, temperate climates
- Growth Habit: It spreads vegetatively through creeping stems that root at the nodes, forming dense mats over time
- Seed Dormancy: The seeds require a period of cold stratification to break dormancy and germinate
To encourage the growth of Partridge Berry, maintaining a shaded, moist environment with well-drained, slightly acidic soil is essential.
Common Blue Wood-Aster (Symphyotrichum cordifolium) is a hardy perennial that can thrive in various conditions. Here are some key factors that influence its growth:
- Soil Type: It prefers average, dry to moist, well-drained soils. Poorly drained locations can lead to issues like aster wilt
- Moisture Levels: While it can tolerate dry conditions, it grows best in moist soils
- Sunlight: This plant can grow in both full sun and partial shade, making it adaptable to different light environments
- Temperature: Common Blue Wood-Aster blooms late summer into fall and can continue blooming through the first few frosts
- Growth Habit: It spreads by short rhizomes, leading to a clumping growth habit. Taller plants may require staking or support
- Disturbed Soil: Areas with disturbed soil, such as those with frequent foot traffic or lawn maintenance activities, are ideal for its growth
To manage Common Blue Wood-Aster, maintaining a healthy, dense lawn through proper fertilization, regular mowing, and minimizing soil disturbance is essential.
Note: While some plants are commonly considered weeds, some native species, like common milkweed, can also be beneficial to the ecosystem.
Some ‘weeds’ such as Goldenrod (Solidago species) and Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum) are native species which support pollinating insects and birds and contribute to the ecosystem. Milkweed (Asclepias species), for example, provides a nursery for the offspring of Monarch butterflies. Also, Queen Anne’s Lace (Daucus carota) is also considered a weed but can be beneficial in that it attracts predatory wasps, flies and lady beetles which prey on garden pests such as aphids.
Pre-Emergent Herbicides
Pre-emergent herbicides are a great way to prevent weeds from taking root in your lawn. These products work by inhibiting the germination of weed seeds. Apply them early in the season before weeds start to grow. There are many popular options available, speak with your local Feeds’n Needs experts to find the right solution for your green space.
Remember to always read the label for application specifications.
Post-Emergent Herbicides
For weeds that have already established themselves, post-emergent herbicides are necessary. These products target and kill weeds that are actively growing. There are many popular options available, speak with your local Feeds’n Needs experts to find the right solution for your green space. Remember to always read the label for application specifications.
Organic Weed Control Options
If you prefer an eco-friendlier approach, there are organic weed control options available. These products are safe for pets and children and are effective in managing weeds. There are many popular options available, speak with your local Feeds’n Needs experts to find the right solution for your green space.
Manual Weed Removal
Sometimes, the best solution is good old-fashioned manual removal. Tools like weed pullers and hoes can help you remove weeds by the root, preventing them from growing back.
Lawn Maintenance Practices
Maintaining a healthy lawn is one of the best defenses against weeds. Regular mowing, watering, and fertilizing can keep your grass strong and resilient. Here are some tips:
- Mow Regularly: Keep your grass at a height of 2.5-3 inches (or use the one-third rule) to prevent weed growth. Mowing is a crucial maintenance practice for turf, significantly influencing the type and amount of weeds present. Following the one-third rule (never mow off more than one-third of the plant) is beneficial, but there’s more to consider. As turf grows taller and denser, it shades the soil, preventing weed seeds from germinating due to lack of sunlight. Increased mowing height alone can reduce weed pressure significantly.
During summer, raising mowing heights to three inches or more helps turf grow thicker and reduces weed pressure. Taller turf also promotes deeper root growth, enhancing the turf’s ability to withstand heat, drought, disease, and insect pressure. Additionally, keeping mower blades sharp and returning clippings to the turf (using a mulching mower blade helps with this) contributing up to two pounds of nitrogen per year.
- Water Deeply: Water your lawn deeply but infrequently to encourage deep root growth.
- Fertilize: Use a balanced fertilizer to keep your lawn healthy and vigorous. Remember to always read the label for application specifications.
To get your green space looking it’s best, talk with one of our Feeds’n Needs experts in store. They will help you find the best solution to control and prevent weed growth.
Conclusion
Weed control in the Maritimes requires a combination of prevention, treatment, and maintenance. By using the right products and practices, you can keep your lawn looking lush and weed-free. Visit your local Feeds’n Needs to find all the essentials you need for effective weed control.
Flea Control for Your Pets
Fleas are more than just a nuisance — they can cause serious health problems for your pets and infest your home before you even know it. Whether you’re a new pet parent or a seasoned pro, understanding how to prevent, treat, and eliminate fleas is essential for keeping your furry companions happy and healthy.
In this guide, we’ll walk you through how dogs and cats get get fleas, what to do if your pet has them, and how to prevent them.
Why Flea Prevention Matters
Flea infestations aren’t just uncomfortable — they can pose real health risks to your pets. Even a few fleas can multiply rapidly and cause:
Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD)
Some pets are allergic to flea saliva, and just one bite can lead to severe itching, hair loss, scabbing, and even skin infections.
Tapeworms
When pets groom themselves and accidentally ingest an infected flea, they can develop tapeworms, which can lead to weight loss and nutritional deficiencies.
Anemia
Fleas feed on your pet’s blood — and in large numbers, they can cause flea-bite anemia, a serious condition especially dangerous for puppies, kittens, or older pets.
How Do Pets Get Fleas?
Understanding how fleas make their way onto your pets is key to prevention. Here are the most common sources:
Other Animals
Playdates with other pets, dog parks, and even walks around the neighborhood can lead to flea exposure.
Your Home
Fleas can hitch a ride on humans, clothing, or visitors, then lay eggs in carpets, bedding, and upholstery.
Pet-Focused Places
Doggy daycares, grooming salons, boarding facilities, and shelters can all harbor fleas if proper prevention isn’t in place.
Outdoor Environments
Yards, parks, and trails are flea hotspots — especially during warm months when fleas thrive.
What To Do If Your Pet Has Fleas
If you suspect a flea infestation, don’t panic — but do act fast:
Call Your Vet
Your veterinarian can confirm the infestation and recommend the most effective treatment. Options may include oral medications, topical treatments, or flea collars.
Bathe Your Pet
A vet-approved flea shampoo can help kill fleas on contact. Use lukewarm water and be thorough — especially around the neck and tail. Feeds’n Needs has a variety of flea shampoos to help get rid of fleas!
Use a Flea Comb
Flea combs are specially designed to remove adult fleas and flea dirt from your pet’s fur.
Getting Rid of Fleas in Your Home
Fleas don’t stay on your pet — they infest your home, too. To break the cycle, you need a multi-step approach:
Treat Every Pet
Even if only one pet seems affected, treat all animals in the household. Talk to your local Feeds’n Needs Expert about safe options for each pet, especially if you have cats and dogs.
Vacuum Daily
Vacuum carpets, rugs, baseboards, and under furniture thoroughly and frequently. Empty your vacuum outside to prevent re-infestation.
Wash Everything
Wash pet bedding, blankets, and any soft surfaces your pet touches. Use hot water and a pet-safe detergent.
Flea Prevention Tips & Tricks
Prevention is the most powerful tool you have. Once you’re flea-free, here’s how to stay that way:
Stay Consistent With Treatments
Follow year-round flea preventatives. Options include monthly topicals, oral medications, flea collars, and more. Don’t skip doses! We have lots of flea preventative options at Feeds’n Needs for dogs and cats!
Bathe Regularly
Routine bathing can help you spot fleas early and keep your pet’s skin healthy. Use a flea-repellent shampoo if your vet recommends it.
Check for Signs
Keep an eye out for excessive scratching or flea “dirt” — tiny black specks in your pet’s fur that resemble pepper.
Be Extra Vigilant in Warm Weather
Fleas love warmth and humidity. Peak flea season is spring through fall, but year-round prevention is recommended in most regions.
Flea infestations can be overwhelming, but they’re completely manageable with the right approach. Prevention is always easier than treatment, and a consistent plan — in partnership with your vet — will go a long way in keeping your pets safe.
Whether you’re dealing with fleas now or just looking to stay one step ahead, remember: staying proactive is the best defense. Your pets will thank you — with tail wags, happy purrs, and flea-free cuddles.
Best Time to Prune Trees
Pruning your trees is an essential part of tree care that, when done correctly, can keep your trees healthy, enhance their shape, and even boost fruit production. The key to successful pruning is determined by timing. So, when exactly should you prune trees?
The answer depends on several factors: the type of tree, your pruning goals, and the climate in your area. Let’s break it down to help you determine the best time to grab those shears.
General Pruning Window: Late Winter to Early Spring
For most deciduous trees, the sweet spot for pruning is late winter to early spring—usually between February and May. During this dormant phase, trees are less stressed, and cuts heal faster, reducing the risk of disease or pests.
This is the perfect time to:
- Shape your tree for better form and structure
- Remove dead, damaged, or diseased limbs
- Encourage healthy new growth in the spring
However, not all trees are created equal, and some have specific needs that require special attention.
Tree-Specific Pruning Guidelines
- Maples, Walnuts, and Birches
These trees are known for “bleeding” sap if pruned too early. To avoid stressing them, wait until late spring or early summer, once their leaves have fully emerged. The sap loss isn’t typically harmful, but it’s best avoided. - Fruit Trees (Apples, Pears, etc.)
For a strong harvest, prune these trees in late winter, from February to early April. This boosts flower and fruit production and keeps the tree’s structure manageable. - Oaks and Elms
These trees are vulnerable to serious diseases like oak wilt. Avoid pruning them between April 15 and October 15, when disease-carrying insects are active. Instead, prune in late fall or winter to reduce the risk. - Spring-Flowering Trees (Magnolias, Dogwoods, etc.)
Prune after their blooming cycle is complete. This way, you won’t accidentally cut off next year’s buds before they even have a chance to shine. - Dead or Damaged Branches
These should be removed as soon as you spot them, no matter the season. Prompt pruning helps prevent the spread of disease and avoids potential hazards.
Why You Should Avoid Fall Pruning
It might be tempting to tidy up trees in the fall, but it’s generally not recommended. Pruning in late autumn can stimulate new growth that’s too tender to withstand winter conditions. Save major cuts for dormant or post-bloom periods instead.
Pruning Tips for Success
- Use the Right Tools: Sharp, clean pruning shears make cleaner cuts and help prevent infections.
- Think Ahead: Always consider the natural shape and growth pattern of your tree before making cuts. Strategic pruning now leads to stronger, better-looking trees later.
- Don’t Overdo It: Avoid removing more than 25% of a tree’s canopy in one season unless it’s for safety or disease management.
Quick Pruning Guide
To help you stay on track, here’s a simple pruning schedule for different types of trees:
By pruning at the right time and using the right techniques, you can set your trees up for a long, healthy life—and maybe even a bumper crop of fruit!
So go ahead—grab those shears and give your trees the care they deserve. Happy pruning!
Prepare Your Lawn for Spring
As the days are now becoming longer and spring approaches, it’s the perfect time to start prepping your lawn. With a little springtime effort, you’ll set your yard up for a healthy, vibrant season ahead. Here are some easy steps to ensure your lawn thrives this spring:
Raking
Raking is essential to spring lawn care. It helps remove debris and prepare your grass for healthy growth. However, it’s crucial that the grass is dry enough before you begin. You can check this by walking on the lawn—if your footprints remain, the grass is still too moist, and raking could cause damage.
It’s best to rake when the grass is still dormant and brown. Waiting too long could harm the healthy roots and set back your lawn’s recovery. Removing leaves, dead grass, and other debris allows your lawn to breathe and encourages new growth as the weather warms up.
Aerating
Aeration is essential for improving soil health and allowing water and fertilizer to penetrate deeper. This process is especially beneficial if your lawn is over five years old or has compacted soil. Spring is an excellent time to aerate because the soil is often moist and more forgiving. However, it can be done at any point during the season.
Fertilizing
After the long winter, your lawn needs a little help getting back to full health. Choose fertilizer with a slow-release formula which has a higher amount of phosphorous to encourage root growth. Once your grass is green and actively growing (around June), you can switch to a higher-nitrogen fertilizer to help maintain its lush appearance.
Overseeding
If your lawn is looking a little sparse, overseeding is a great way to encourage new growth and thicken it up. Start by spreading a thin layer of compost or soil over your lawn after it’s been raked. Then, sprinkle high-quality grass seed and cover it with another light layer of compost. This extra layer helps keep the seed moist and protects it from birds. Be sure to water it lightly every day until the seeds are established, which usually takes about 2–3 weeks, depending on the weather.
For more tips on overseeding, check out our blog, Overseeding Your Lawn in Spring.
Preventing Weeds
Bare or thin spots on your lawn can attract weeds like crabgrass, which can quickly take over. Crabgrass is tough and thrives in dry, hot conditions when cool-season grasses are dormant. It can survive low mowing, foot traffic, and poor soil conditions. The key to controlling it is early prevention. Crabgrass seeds start germinating when the soil warms to 13°C-16°C for five consecutive days. A combination of pre-emergent herbicides and a thick, healthy lawn can significantly reduce its growth. The thicker the grass, the better it can fight off weeds like crabgrass.
Clean Up Debris
Don’t forget to tidy up your lawn and landscape! Clear away any leftover leaves, sticks, or debris from winter. This will help your grass breathe and allow it to thrive as the season progresses. If your lawn has a severe thatch issue, it might be a good time to do a more intense dethatching.
By following these simple steps, you’ll be well on your way to a healthy, vibrant lawn this spring. The time you invest now will pay off with a beautiful yard all season long!
Brushing Your Puppy’s Teeth
Just like humans, puppies need dental care! Teaching your puppy to get used to having their teeth brushed early on helps establish good habits for their dental health. Preventative measures should begin when they are young. Start brushing their teeth after they get their adult teeth, usually around 6 months old, to help them adjust to the process.
Why Start Early?
Builds a Habit
Introducing brushing when they’re young helps your puppy get comfortable with it. If you wait too long, brushing may feel strange or uncomfortable for them.
Prevents Dental Issues
By the age of 2, 80% of dogs show signs of gum disease. Brushing regularly helps prevent plaque buildup and reduces the risk of dental problems later.
What Happens if You Don’t Brush?
Not brushing your puppy’s teeth can lead to gum disease, infections, tooth loss, and other health issues. Signs of dental trouble include bad breath, swollen gums, difficulty chewing, and more. If your puppy shows these signs, contact your vet.
Tips for Brushing Your Puppy’s Teeth
- Be Patient
Start slow by rubbing dog-safe toothpaste on your puppy’s gums with your finger. Once they’re comfortable with the taste, introduce a toothbrush. Always praise them to make it a positive experience. - Use Dog-Specific Products
Never use human toothpaste or toothbrushes. Stick to products made for dogs to ensure their safety. - Chew Toys Help
Puppies love to chew, and it’s great for their teeth! Use dental chews or toys to help reduce plaque buildup. - Consider Supplements
Talk to your vet about adding dental supplements or vitamins to your puppy’s diet to support their dental health. - Regular Vet Checkups
Ensure your puppy gets a dental exam twice a year, and a cleaning if necessary. Bad breath could indicate a dental issue.
Starting a dental care routine early gives your puppy the best chance for a healthy mouth. With the right products and routine, your pup can enjoy a lifetime of smiles!
Dental Care Treats
Pets adore treats, and dental treats are a fantastic way to promote oral health. They help fight bad breath, combat plaque and tartar buildup, and can even prevent periodontal disease, keeping your pet’s mouth clean and healthy.
How Do Dental Treats Work?
Dental treats work in two key ways: mechanical action and enzymatic action.
Mechanical Action: This is the physical scraping that occurs when your pet chews on the treat. The texture of the treat rubs against your pet’s teeth and gums, helping to remove plaque and tartar—similar to how brushing works for humans.
Enzymatic Action: This refers to the special ingredients in the treats that help fight plaque and tartar buildup. These ingredients work much like toothpaste or mouthwash for humans. They break down the harmful buildup in your pet’s mouth, providing an added layer of protection.
It’s important to note that while dental treats are an excellent preventive measure, they are most effective when combined with regular brushing and professional cleanings by your vet. However, for pets who aren’t keen on having their teeth brushed, dental treats are a great alternative for maintaining cleaner, healthier teeth.
Top 5 Dental Treats for Your Pet
- Greenies Dental Treats: With a chewy texture that cleans teeth and supports healthy gums, Greenies are made with natural ingredients, plus added vitamins and minerals. They’re safe and easy to digest for both dogs and cats.
- Chew A Bulls Dental Ring: This unique dental chew is designed to gently remove plaque while massaging your dog’s gums. It also includes cumin, which aids digestion and gives the chew a pleasant scent.
- Tartar Buster Dog Bones: These bones help remove tartar buildup and plaque, leaving your dog’s teeth cleaner and whiter. They also freshen your dog’s breath, making for a healthier mouth overall.
- Oven-Baked Dental Treats: These crunchy treats are made with natural, functional ingredients like spearmint, parsley, pumpkin, and green tea extract. Slowly oven-baked to preserve nutrients, they help break down plaque and tartar with every bite, keeping teeth clean and breath fresh.
- Vetgies Healthy Dog Treats: These treats not only help maintain healthy teeth and gums, but also prevent boredom and destructive behavior. They’re perfect for keeping your pet engaged while supporting their oral health.
With these top dental treats, you can help your pet enjoy a cleaner, healthier smile!
How to Properly Feed Your Rabbits
A rabbit’s digestive system is delicate, and their nutritional needs require careful attention. By understanding the basics of rabbit nutrition, you can avoid common health problems and help your bunny thrive. Here’s our guide on how to properly feed your rabbits so you can enjoy many years of companionship.
Key Components of a Rabbit’s Diet
A healthy rabbit diet primarily consists of three main components: hay, fresh greens, and limited pellets. Anything beyond that—such as fruits and other treats—should be offered sparingly. A balanced diet helps keep your rabbit’s digestive system running smoothly.
Hay (80% of Diet)
Hay is the most essential part of a rabbit’s diet and should make up about 80%. It provides the necessary fibre to promote healthy digestion and prevent common issues like hairballs. Hay is also a source of essential proteins and nutrients. It should be offered daily in unlimited amounts and available to your rabbit at all times.
Types of Hay:
Timothy Hay: Ideal for adult rabbits, it’s rich in fibre but low in calories and calcium.
Alfalfa Hay: Suitable for baby rabbits, pregnant or nursing mothers, and elderly or injured rabbits. However, it’s too high in calcium for adult rabbits and should not be used for long-term feeding.
Other Grass Hays: Adult bunnies do best on a mix of timothy hay and other grass hays because they are lower in calories and calcium than alfalfa hay.
Store hay in a cool, dry place with good ventilation to prevent mold. Ensure the hay smells fresh, and discard any wet or stale hay. Offer it in a hay rack or basket to prevent waste; remember, rabbits love to nibble all day long.
Fresh Greens (10% of Diet)
Fresh greens provide important vitamins and minerals, and they help keep your rabbit’s digestive system healthy. Aim to give your rabbit a variety of fresh, fibrous vegetables daily, especially leafy greens. Fresh greens should make up about 10% of your rabbit’s diet. Avoid feeding your rabbit iceberg lettuce, as it lacks nutritional value.
Recommended Vegetables:
– Carrot tops
– Beet tops
– Dandelion greens and flowers
– Kale
– Collard Greens
– Dark Leafy Green Lettuce
– Romain Lettuce
– Parsley
– Clover
– Broccoli and its leaves
– Green Peppers
– Snow Pea Pods
– Basil
– Peppermint Leaves
– Raspberry Leaves
– Bok Choy
– Spinach
For a full list of recommended vegetables for rabbits, visit: Best Vegetables for Rabbits: A Healthy Diet Guide – Rabbit.org
Start with small amounts of one type of green to avoid your rabbit having an upset stomach, and gradually add more variety over time. Aim for at least 1 cup of fresh veggies for every 5 pounds of body weight, given twice a day.
Pellets (5% of Diet)
Rabbit pellets are a convenient way to supplement your bunny’s nutrition, but they should only make up a small part of their overall diet at 5%. Overfeeding pellets can lead to obesity, heart disease, liver disease, and other health issues due to their high carbohydrate and low fibre content.
How to Feed Pellets:
Young Rabbits (under 8 months): Pellets can be offered free choice as they are growing quickly.
Adult Rabbits (over 8 months): Follow the recommended daily amounts based on their weight:
– 2-4 pounds: 1/8 cup
– 5-7 pounds: 1/4 cup
– 8-10 pounds: 1/2 cup
– 11-15 pounds: 3/4 cup
Pregnant or Nursing Rabbits: Can be offered unlimited pellets until the babies are weaned.
Fruits & Treats(<5% of Diet)
While rabbits love their fruits, they should only be given as treats due to their high sugar content. Treats should make up to no more than 5% of your rabbit’s diet and only occasionally. Feeds’n Needs carries delicious Sunburst treats made specifically for rabbits. Here are some other good options for rabbit treats:
– Strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries
– Apples, pears, peaches, and melon
– Papaya and pineapple (but only in small amounts)
Carrots also fall into the “treat” category dur o their sugar content, and should only be given sparingly.
Fresh Water
Fresh water should always be available to your rabbit in a water bottle or heavy, spill-proof bowl. Change the water daily to ensure it stays clean and free from bacteria. A dirty water dish can lead to health problems, so be diligent about cleanliness.
Special Dietary Needs
Some rabbits have special dietary requirements due to age, health conditions, or specific life stages. For example:
Long-Haired Rabbits like Angoras, Lion Heads, or Jersey Woolies may require more protein to support the growth of their long fur.
Overweight Rabbits may need fewer pellets and more hay to help them shed excess pounds.
Older or Sick Rabbits may require a higher calorie intake to regain strength or support healing.
Mother Rabbits nursing babies will need extra pellets and hay to keep up with the demands of milk production.
For any specific concerns, it’s always a good idea to consult a veterinarian who can recommend the best diet for your rabbit’s unique needs.
By providing your rabbit with a balanced, fiber-rich diet primarily consisting of hay, supplemented with fresh vegetables and limited pellets, you’ll set the foundation for a long healthy life. Always monitor your rabbit’s weight, adjust portions as necessary, and consult your vet if any dietary issues arise.
Taking the time to feed your rabbit properly helps ensure their health and strengthens the bond you share as a pet and caregiver. Happy feeding!
Beating The January Blues with Your Pet
Now that life has started to slow down again, we are snapped back to the reality of shorter days, cold temperatures and a lack of sunlight. January is often referred to as the most depressing month of the year, with “Blue Monday” dubbed the saddest day. Fortunately for us pet lovers, our furry companions can significantly help beat the January blues! Here is our list of things you can do with your pets to bring you some joy this winter:
Get Some Sun
It is recommended that humans get 5-30 minutes of sunlight several times per week to remain healthy. Vitamin D is also essential for the health of our pets, and a great way to ensure you’re both getting the amount you need is by getting outside for a mid-day walk each day! With the sunlight hours being so short in the winter, making it a priority to get outside and soak up some sunshine will help boost your mood.
Exercise
When you exercise, your brain releases endorphins responsible for your happiness. Evidence shows that even 10 minutes of light exercise, such as walking or stretching, can help boost energy levels, alertness and mood. Exercise isn’t just great for you; it’s also essential for your pet’s well-being! Going for a walk each day or playing a game of fetch in the yard are great ways for you and your pet to exercise and release those happy endorphins!
Nutrition
We all know that eating healthy, nutritious food is great for our physical health, but did you know that it is also essential for our mental well-being? Some vital mood-boosting nutrients that you can incorporate into your and your pet’s diet are:
Omega 3’s – Healthy fats are vital for helping our brains to function and manage our moods. A great source of omega-3 fatty acids is fish and fish oils. Incorporate this into your pet’s diet with supplements like Thrive herring oil, available at Feeds’n Needs!
Magnesium – Helps support healthy brain growth and development, including our memory and ability to learn and form new connections. Magnesium is found in leafy greens like curly kale and broccoli, and it is an excellent supplement to incorporate into your winter diet.
B Vitamins – These vitamins play an essential role in the production of chemicals that affect our mood and other brain functions. Foods such as beef, chicken and liver are rich in B vitamins. If you’re looking for a supplement incorporating B vitamins, magnesium, and more into your pet’s diet, Omega Alpha’s OptiPet Multi is the perfect supplement. It is available at your local Feeds’n Needs!
Bond With Your Pet
When we bond and connect with others, such as a loved one or pet, the happiness hormone oxytocin is released, boosting our mood. Bonding with our pets is a terrific way to deepen our connection with them and foster feelings of happiness and love. There are many ways you can bond with your pets, but here are some of our favourites:
Teach Them a New Trick – Spend time training your pet a cool new trick!
Play Games – Games like Hide ‘n Treat, where you hide your pet’s favourite treats around the house for them to seek out, provide mental stimulation and is a great opportunity for them to work for their food, nurturing their natural instincts to hunt.
Interactive Toys – These puzzle-style toys offer great mental stimulation. They can help reduce boredom-related habits like chewing and barking.
Cuddles – We saved the best for last! Nothing beats cuddling up with your furry friend on a cold winter day.
Make Homemade Treats
One fun activity we love doing with our pets on a cold, snowy day is making them DIY healthy treats! Check out our recipe for DIY Pumpkin Dog Treats.
Random Acts of Kindness
Studies have shown that performing simple acts of kindness can boost self-esteem, reduce stress, and increase happiness. This time of year can be especially difficult, so spread some happiness wherever you go, whether it be paying a stranger a compliment or helping at your local animal shelter. These gestures can significantly impact the receiver while bringing you some cheer at the same time!
Whether it’s getting outside for a walk, indulging in a snuggle session, or trying out new activities together, spending quality time with your furry friend can lift your spirits and bring a sense of warmth to the season. Embrace the joy your pet brings and use this time to bond, play, and create memories that will help chase away those January blues. Remember: a happy pet often leads to a happier you!
How to Attract Chickadees to Your Backyard
With their playful antics and charming personalities, Chickadees are a favourite among backyard birders. These small, curious birds are year-round residents in the Maritimes, making them a delightful sight no matter the season. With just a few simple steps and basic bird supplies, you can attract Black-Capped Chickadees to your yard all year round!
Offer the Right Food
Chickadees are active birds with big appetites, so having a reliable food source is essential. These feathered friends are particularly fond of black oil sunflower seeds, which offer high energy content. In addition to sunflower seeds, chickadees will gladly munch on peanuts, striped sunflower seeds, and suet.
Use a hopper feeder, tray, or tube feeder to offer these tasty treats. For a natural touch, consider growing sunflowers in your garden to create a feeding station where chickadees can perch and feast. Chickadees are also known to enjoy insects, berries, and nuts. To support this, minimize insecticide use in your garden and plant native berry bushes for natural food sources. You can also offer whole peanuts or peanut halves at your feeders.
For an easy-to-access snack, smear suet or peanut butter directly on tree trunks and watch these tiny birds enjoy the tasty treat!
Provide Clean, Fresh Water
Water is essential to attracting chickadees, especially in winter when they stay in their range and don’t migrate. A shallow bird bath is an excellent way to give chickadees a place to drink and bathe. Consider investing in a heated bird bath or a bird bath de-icer to keep the water from freezing; this will give chickadees a consistent water source, helping them stay hydrated throughout the colder months. If you’re using small dishes, make sure they are shallow enough for chickadees to safely access.
Create Shelter and Nesting Areas
Chickadees are cavity-nesting birds, which means they need safe, sheltered spots to rest and raise their young. One of the best ways to attract chickadees to your yard is by providing nesting boxes. A suitable birdhouse should be 8-10 inches tall with a 4-inch square base and a 1-1/8 inch entrance hole. Adding some wood shavings inside your birdhouses will make them even more attractive, and chickadees are known to use pet fur for their nests (just be sure the fur hasn’t been treated with flea products, as these can be toxic to birds).
Hang the nesting box on a tree trunk for easy access, and consider smearing some peanut butter or soft suet on the tree nearby to lure the birds closer.
For natural shelter, chickadees prefer dense, mature trees—especially evergreens. Chickadees will also use roost boxes or nesting pockets during the winter months to keep warm, often cuddling together in small groups.
Attracting chickadees to your yard is an enjoyable and rewarding experience. With the right food, clean water, shelter, and nesting areas, these delightful birds will become regular visitors. By following these tips and being patient, you’ll create a welcoming environment that encourages chickadees to thrive in your backyard, year-round.
