As the days are now becoming longer and spring approaches, it’s the perfect time to start prepping your lawn. With a little springtime effort, you’ll set your yard up for a healthy, vibrant season ahead. Here are some easy steps to ensure your lawn thrives this spring:
Raking
Raking is essential to spring lawn care. It helps remove debris and prepare your grass for healthy growth. However, it’s crucial that the grass is dry enough before you begin. You can check this by walking on the lawn—if your footprints remain, the grass is still too moist, and raking could cause damage.
It’s best to rake when the grass is still dormant and brown. Waiting too long could harm the healthy roots and set back your lawn’s recovery. Removing leaves, dead grass, and other debris allows your lawn to breathe and encourages new growth as the weather warms up.
Aerating
Aeration is essential for improving soil health and allowing water and fertilizer to penetrate deeper. This process is especially beneficial if your lawn is over five years old or has compacted soil. Spring is an excellent time to aerate because the soil is often moist and more forgiving. However, it can be done at any point during the season.
Fertilizing
After the long winter, your lawn needs a little help getting back to full health. Choose fertilizer with a slow-release formula which has a higher amount of phosphorous to encourage root growth. Once your grass is green and actively growing (around June), you can switch to a higher-nitrogen fertilizer to help maintain its lush appearance.
Overseeding
If your lawn is looking a little sparse, overseeding is a great way to encourage new growth and thicken it up. Start by spreading a thin layer of compost or soil over your lawn after it’s been raked. Then, sprinkle high-quality grass seed and cover it with another light layer of compost. This extra layer helps keep the seed moist and protects it from birds. Be sure to water it lightly every day until the seeds are established, which usually takes about 2–3 weeks, depending on the weather.
For more tips on overseeding, check out our blog, Overseeding Your Lawn in Spring.
Preventing Weeds
Bare or thin spots on your lawn can attract weeds like crabgrass, which can quickly take over. Crabgrass is tough and thrives in dry, hot conditions when cool-season grasses are dormant. It can survive low mowing, foot traffic, and poor soil conditions. The key to controlling it is early prevention. Crabgrass seeds start germinating when the soil warms to 13°C-16°C for five consecutive days. A combination of pre-emergent herbicides and a thick, healthy lawn can significantly reduce its growth. The thicker the grass, the better it can fight off weeds like crabgrass.
Clean Up Debris
Don’t forget to tidy up your lawn and landscape! Clear away any leftover leaves, sticks, or debris from winter. This will help your grass breathe and allow it to thrive as the season progresses. If your lawn has a severe thatch issue, it might be a good time to do a more intense dethatching.
By following these simple steps, you’ll be well on your way to a healthy, vibrant lawn this spring. The time you invest now will pay off with a beautiful yard all season long!
Brushing Your Puppy’s Teeth
Just like humans, puppies need dental care! Teaching your puppy to get used to having their teeth brushed early on helps establish good habits for their dental health. Preventative measures should begin when they are young. Start brushing their teeth after they get their adult teeth, usually around 6 months old, to help them adjust to the process.
Why Start Early?
Builds a Habit
Introducing brushing when they’re young helps your puppy get comfortable with it. If you wait too long, brushing may feel strange or uncomfortable for them.
Prevents Dental Issues
By the age of 2, 80% of dogs show signs of gum disease. Brushing regularly helps prevent plaque buildup and reduces the risk of dental problems later.
What Happens if You Don’t Brush?
Not brushing your puppy’s teeth can lead to gum disease, infections, tooth loss, and other health issues. Signs of dental trouble include bad breath, swollen gums, difficulty chewing, and more. If your puppy shows these signs, contact your vet.
Tips for Brushing Your Puppy’s Teeth
- Be Patient
Start slow by rubbing dog-safe toothpaste on your puppy’s gums with your finger. Once they’re comfortable with the taste, introduce a toothbrush. Always praise them to make it a positive experience. - Use Dog-Specific Products
Never use human toothpaste or toothbrushes. Stick to products made for dogs to ensure their safety. - Chew Toys Help
Puppies love to chew, and it’s great for their teeth! Use dental chews or toys to help reduce plaque buildup. - Consider Supplements
Talk to your vet about adding dental supplements or vitamins to your puppy’s diet to support their dental health. - Regular Vet Checkups
Ensure your puppy gets a dental exam twice a year, and a cleaning if necessary. Bad breath could indicate a dental issue.
Starting a dental care routine early gives your puppy the best chance for a healthy mouth. With the right products and routine, your pup can enjoy a lifetime of smiles!
Dental Care Treats
Pets adore treats, and dental treats are a fantastic way to promote oral health. They help fight bad breath, combat plaque and tartar buildup, and can even prevent periodontal disease, keeping your pet’s mouth clean and healthy.
How Do Dental Treats Work?
Dental treats work in two key ways: mechanical action and enzymatic action.
Mechanical Action: This is the physical scraping that occurs when your pet chews on the treat. The texture of the treat rubs against your pet’s teeth and gums, helping to remove plaque and tartar—similar to how brushing works for humans.
Enzymatic Action: This refers to the special ingredients in the treats that help fight plaque and tartar buildup. These ingredients work much like toothpaste or mouthwash for humans. They break down the harmful buildup in your pet’s mouth, providing an added layer of protection.
It’s important to note that while dental treats are an excellent preventive measure, they are most effective when combined with regular brushing and professional cleanings by your vet. However, for pets who aren’t keen on having their teeth brushed, dental treats are a great alternative for maintaining cleaner, healthier teeth.
Top 5 Dental Treats for Your Pet
- Greenies Dental Treats: With a chewy texture that cleans teeth and supports healthy gums, Greenies are made with natural ingredients, plus added vitamins and minerals. They’re safe and easy to digest for both dogs and cats.
- Chew A Bulls Dental Ring: This unique dental chew is designed to gently remove plaque while massaging your dog’s gums. It also includes cumin, which aids digestion and gives the chew a pleasant scent.
- Tartar Buster Dog Bones: These bones help remove tartar buildup and plaque, leaving your dog’s teeth cleaner and whiter. They also freshen your dog’s breath, making for a healthier mouth overall.
- Oven-Baked Dental Treats: These crunchy treats are made with natural, functional ingredients like spearmint, parsley, pumpkin, and green tea extract. Slowly oven-baked to preserve nutrients, they help break down plaque and tartar with every bite, keeping teeth clean and breath fresh.
- Vetgies Healthy Dog Treats: These treats not only help maintain healthy teeth and gums, but also prevent boredom and destructive behavior. They’re perfect for keeping your pet engaged while supporting their oral health.
With these top dental treats, you can help your pet enjoy a cleaner, healthier smile!
How to Properly Feed Your Rabbits
A rabbit’s digestive system is delicate, and their nutritional needs require careful attention. By understanding the basics of rabbit nutrition, you can avoid common health problems and help your bunny thrive. Here’s our guide on how to properly feed your rabbits so you can enjoy many years of companionship.
Key Components of a Rabbit’s Diet
A healthy rabbit diet primarily consists of three main components: hay, fresh greens, and limited pellets. Anything beyond that—such as fruits and other treats—should be offered sparingly. A balanced diet helps keep your rabbit’s digestive system running smoothly.
Hay (80% of Diet)
Hay is the most essential part of a rabbit’s diet and should make up about 80%. It provides the necessary fibre to promote healthy digestion and prevent common issues like hairballs. Hay is also a source of essential proteins and nutrients. It should be offered daily in unlimited amounts and available to your rabbit at all times.
Types of Hay:
Timothy Hay: Ideal for adult rabbits, it’s rich in fibre but low in calories and calcium.
Alfalfa Hay: Suitable for baby rabbits, pregnant or nursing mothers, and elderly or injured rabbits. However, it’s too high in calcium for adult rabbits and should not be used for long-term feeding.
Other Grass Hays: Adult bunnies do best on a mix of timothy hay and other grass hays because they are lower in calories and calcium than alfalfa hay.
Store hay in a cool, dry place with good ventilation to prevent mold. Ensure the hay smells fresh, and discard any wet or stale hay. Offer it in a hay rack or basket to prevent waste; remember, rabbits love to nibble all day long.
Fresh Greens (10% of Diet)
Fresh greens provide important vitamins and minerals, and they help keep your rabbit’s digestive system healthy. Aim to give your rabbit a variety of fresh, fibrous vegetables daily, especially leafy greens. Fresh greens should make up about 10% of your rabbit’s diet. Avoid feeding your rabbit iceberg lettuce, as it lacks nutritional value.
Recommended Vegetables:
– Carrot tops
– Beet tops
– Dandelion greens and flowers
– Kale
– Collard Greens
– Dark Leafy Green Lettuce
– Romain Lettuce
– Parsley
– Clover
– Broccoli and its leaves
– Green Peppers
– Snow Pea Pods
– Basil
– Peppermint Leaves
– Raspberry Leaves
– Bok Choy
– Spinach
For a full list of recommended vegetables for rabbits, visit: Best Vegetables for Rabbits: A Healthy Diet Guide – Rabbit.org
Start with small amounts of one type of green to avoid your rabbit having an upset stomach, and gradually add more variety over time. Aim for at least 1 cup of fresh veggies for every 5 pounds of body weight, given twice a day.
Pellets (5% of Diet)
Rabbit pellets are a convenient way to supplement your bunny’s nutrition, but they should only make up a small part of their overall diet at 5%. Overfeeding pellets can lead to obesity, heart disease, liver disease, and other health issues due to their high carbohydrate and low fibre content.
How to Feed Pellets:
Young Rabbits (under 8 months): Pellets can be offered free choice as they are growing quickly.
Adult Rabbits (over 8 months): Follow the recommended daily amounts based on their weight:
– 2-4 pounds: 1/8 cup
– 5-7 pounds: 1/4 cup
– 8-10 pounds: 1/2 cup
– 11-15 pounds: 3/4 cup
Pregnant or Nursing Rabbits: Can be offered unlimited pellets until the babies are weaned.
Fruits & Treats(<5% of Diet)
While rabbits love their fruits, they should only be given as treats due to their high sugar content. Treats should make up to no more than 5% of your rabbit’s diet and only occasionally. Feeds’n Needs carries delicious Sunburst treats made specifically for rabbits. Here are some other good options for rabbit treats:
– Strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries
– Apples, pears, peaches, and melon
– Papaya and pineapple (but only in small amounts)
Carrots also fall into the “treat” category dur o their sugar content, and should only be given sparingly.
Fresh Water
Fresh water should always be available to your rabbit in a water bottle or heavy, spill-proof bowl. Change the water daily to ensure it stays clean and free from bacteria. A dirty water dish can lead to health problems, so be diligent about cleanliness.
Special Dietary Needs
Some rabbits have special dietary requirements due to age, health conditions, or specific life stages. For example:
Long-Haired Rabbits like Angoras, Lion Heads, or Jersey Woolies may require more protein to support the growth of their long fur.
Overweight Rabbits may need fewer pellets and more hay to help them shed excess pounds.
Older or Sick Rabbits may require a higher calorie intake to regain strength or support healing.
Mother Rabbits nursing babies will need extra pellets and hay to keep up with the demands of milk production.
For any specific concerns, it’s always a good idea to consult a veterinarian who can recommend the best diet for your rabbit’s unique needs.
By providing your rabbit with a balanced, fiber-rich diet primarily consisting of hay, supplemented with fresh vegetables and limited pellets, you’ll set the foundation for a long healthy life. Always monitor your rabbit’s weight, adjust portions as necessary, and consult your vet if any dietary issues arise.
Taking the time to feed your rabbit properly helps ensure their health and strengthens the bond you share as a pet and caregiver. Happy feeding!
Beating The January Blues with Your Pet
Now that life has started to slow down again, we are snapped back to the reality of shorter days, cold temperatures and a lack of sunlight. January is often referred to as the most depressing month of the year, with “Blue Monday” dubbed the saddest day. Fortunately for us pet lovers, our furry companions can significantly help beat the January blues! Here is our list of things you can do with your pets to bring you some joy this winter:
Get Some Sun
It is recommended that humans get 5-30 minutes of sunlight several times per week to remain healthy. Vitamin D is also essential for the health of our pets, and a great way to ensure you’re both getting the amount you need is by getting outside for a mid-day walk each day! With the sunlight hours being so short in the winter, making it a priority to get outside and soak up some sunshine will help boost your mood.
Exercise
When you exercise, your brain releases endorphins responsible for your happiness. Evidence shows that even 10 minutes of light exercise, such as walking or stretching, can help boost energy levels, alertness and mood. Exercise isn’t just great for you; it’s also essential for your pet’s well-being! Going for a walk each day or playing a game of fetch in the yard are great ways for you and your pet to exercise and release those happy endorphins!
Nutrition
We all know that eating healthy, nutritious food is great for our physical health, but did you know that it is also essential for our mental well-being? Some vital mood-boosting nutrients that you can incorporate into your and your pet’s diet are:
Omega 3’s – Healthy fats are vital for helping our brains to function and manage our moods. A great source of omega-3 fatty acids is fish and fish oils. Incorporate this into your pet’s diet with supplements like Thrive herring oil, available at Feeds’n Needs!
Magnesium – Helps support healthy brain growth and development, including our memory and ability to learn and form new connections. Magnesium is found in leafy greens like curly kale and broccoli, and it is an excellent supplement to incorporate into your winter diet.
B Vitamins – These vitamins play an essential role in the production of chemicals that affect our mood and other brain functions. Foods such as beef, chicken and liver are rich in B vitamins. If you’re looking for a supplement incorporating B vitamins, magnesium, and more into your pet’s diet, Omega Alpha’s OptiPet Multi is the perfect supplement. It is available at your local Feeds’n Needs!
Bond With Your Pet
When we bond and connect with others, such as a loved one or pet, the happiness hormone oxytocin is released, boosting our mood. Bonding with our pets is a terrific way to deepen our connection with them and foster feelings of happiness and love. There are many ways you can bond with your pets, but here are some of our favourites:
Teach Them a New Trick – Spend time training your pet a cool new trick!
Play Games – Games like Hide ‘n Treat, where you hide your pet’s favourite treats around the house for them to seek out, provide mental stimulation and is a great opportunity for them to work for their food, nurturing their natural instincts to hunt.
Interactive Toys – These puzzle-style toys offer great mental stimulation. They can help reduce boredom-related habits like chewing and barking.
Cuddles – We saved the best for last! Nothing beats cuddling up with your furry friend on a cold winter day.
Make Homemade Treats
One fun activity we love doing with our pets on a cold, snowy day is making them DIY healthy treats! Check out our recipe for DIY Pumpkin Dog Treats.
Random Acts of Kindness
Studies have shown that performing simple acts of kindness can boost self-esteem, reduce stress, and increase happiness. This time of year can be especially difficult, so spread some happiness wherever you go, whether it be paying a stranger a compliment or helping at your local animal shelter. These gestures can significantly impact the receiver while bringing you some cheer at the same time!
Whether it’s getting outside for a walk, indulging in a snuggle session, or trying out new activities together, spending quality time with your furry friend can lift your spirits and bring a sense of warmth to the season. Embrace the joy your pet brings and use this time to bond, play, and create memories that will help chase away those January blues. Remember: a happy pet often leads to a happier you!
How to Attract Chickadees to Your Backyard
With their playful antics and charming personalities, Chickadees are a favourite among backyard birders. These small, curious birds are year-round residents in the Maritimes, making them a delightful sight no matter the season. With just a few simple steps and basic bird supplies, you can attract Black-Capped Chickadees to your yard all year round!
Offer the Right Food
Chickadees are active birds with big appetites, so having a reliable food source is essential. These feathered friends are particularly fond of black oil sunflower seeds, which offer high energy content. In addition to sunflower seeds, chickadees will gladly munch on peanuts, striped sunflower seeds, and suet.
Use a hopper feeder, tray, or tube feeder to offer these tasty treats. For a natural touch, consider growing sunflowers in your garden to create a feeding station where chickadees can perch and feast. Chickadees are also known to enjoy insects, berries, and nuts. To support this, minimize insecticide use in your garden and plant native berry bushes for natural food sources. You can also offer whole peanuts or peanut halves at your feeders.
For an easy-to-access snack, smear suet or peanut butter directly on tree trunks and watch these tiny birds enjoy the tasty treat!
Provide Clean, Fresh Water
Water is essential to attracting chickadees, especially in winter when they stay in their range and don’t migrate. A shallow bird bath is an excellent way to give chickadees a place to drink and bathe. Consider investing in a heated bird bath or a bird bath de-icer to keep the water from freezing; this will give chickadees a consistent water source, helping them stay hydrated throughout the colder months. If you’re using small dishes, make sure they are shallow enough for chickadees to safely access.
Create Shelter and Nesting Areas
Chickadees are cavity-nesting birds, which means they need safe, sheltered spots to rest and raise their young. One of the best ways to attract chickadees to your yard is by providing nesting boxes. A suitable birdhouse should be 8-10 inches tall with a 4-inch square base and a 1-1/8 inch entrance hole. Adding some wood shavings inside your birdhouses will make them even more attractive, and chickadees are known to use pet fur for their nests (just be sure the fur hasn’t been treated with flea products, as these can be toxic to birds).
Hang the nesting box on a tree trunk for easy access, and consider smearing some peanut butter or soft suet on the tree nearby to lure the birds closer.
For natural shelter, chickadees prefer dense, mature trees—especially evergreens. Chickadees will also use roost boxes or nesting pockets during the winter months to keep warm, often cuddling together in small groups.
Attracting chickadees to your yard is an enjoyable and rewarding experience. With the right food, clean water, shelter, and nesting areas, these delightful birds will become regular visitors. By following these tips and being patient, you’ll create a welcoming environment that encourages chickadees to thrive in your backyard, year-round.
New Year’s Resolutions for Pets
We’re officially into 2025, and many of us are working hard to stick to our New Year’s resolutions. Changing out habits for self-improvement can be for more than just humans. Pets benefit just as much from setting goals for their health, happiness, and well-being.
Why Are Setting Resolutions for Pets Beneficial?
Like us, our pets need focus and attention on their health and wellness. Creating resolutions for them is a great way to monitor and improve their overall well-being, from diet to dental care and physical activity. These resolutions help keep your pets physically healthy and strengthen the emotional connection between you and your furry friend.
Dental Hygiene: Keep Those Teeth Sparkling!
Dental hygiene is a critical part of your pet’s overall health. Just like humans, dogs (and cats!) can develop plaque and tartar on their teeth. Left untreated, it can lead to painful gum disease and even tooth loss. Thankfully, there are plenty of ways to help prevent dental issues in pets. Not all pets enjoy getting their teeth brushed, but there are alternatives, such as dental treats, oral care food, and water gels, that help maintain your pet’s oral health.
A dental exam at the vet is the first step in creating a healthy oral care plan. If your pet needs a professional cleaning, your vet will help set that up, and from there, you can establish a home care routine to maintain their pearly whites. Remember, healthy teeth lead to a healthier pet overall!
Exercise: Keep Them Active and Fit
Just like humans, pets can experience joint issues, reduced mobility, and a shorter lifespan due to being overweight. Exercise should be a priority in your pet’s New Year’s resolutions.
Regular walks, playtime, and outdoor adventures are not only fun but essential for your pet’s overall health. Whether it’s chasing a ball in the backyard or going for a daily stroll around the block, exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and supports joint health. Start slowly and gradually increase their activity level, especially if they’ve been less active during winter.
Diet: Nourish Their Bodies the Right Way
It’s easy to spoil our pets with extra snacks and table scraps, but this can lead to unwanted weight gain and long-term health issues. Overweight pets are at a higher risk of heart disease, diabetes, and even certain cancers. One of the best ways to combat this is by providing a balanced diet.
Stick to a high-quality pet food, if you are unsure where to start, the Expert at Feeds’n Needs can help you find the right food for your pet.
Nutrition: Boost Their Health with Supplements
Ensuring your pet’s diet is nutritionally balanced is key, but you can take their health a step further by adding supplements to their daily routine. Products like Thrive supplements can support various aspects of your pet’s health, from digestive health to joint support, skin and coat issues, and more.
By incorporating the right supplements, you can enhance their diet and make sure they’re getting the nutrients. If you’re unsure where to start, stop by Feeds’n Needs and chat with one of our Experts who can recommend the best supplements for your pet’s specific needs.
When making changes to your pet’s routine, it’s important to start slow. Abrupt changes can be stressful for your pet, so allow them time to adjust. Whether introducing a new food, adding supplements, or starting a new exercise routine, gradual changes will ensure a smooth transition and greater success in maintaining these new habits.
Make 2025 a year of health and wellness for your furry friends, and enjoy the journey together. After all, a healthy pet means a happier, more active life for both of you!
Let’s make this year the best one yet—for you and your pets!
How to Attract Blue Jays
January’s Bird of the Month is the Blue Jay! With their striking blue, black, and white plumage, these vibrant songbirds are a delight to observe. Many Blue Jays are year-round residents of the Maritimes, making them a familiar presence in local backyards. If you’re looking to attract these stunning birds, you’ll need to know their favorite foods, nesting habits, and other key preferences. Follow our expert tips to create an inviting environment for Blue Jays all year long.
Food Preferences
Blue Jays are particularly fond of nuts, especially peanuts—whether whole or shelled. They’re also big fans of common bird feed like suet, cracked corn, and black oil sunflower seeds. Due to Blue Jays being larger birds, they require sturdy, spacious feeders to feel at ease. Hopper feeders, as well as open trays or platform feeders, are ideal for Blue Jays. To make your yard even more attractive, you can offer natural food sources like berries and acorns. The more food sources you offer in your yard, the more Blue Jays will be able to feed. Providing a mix of different food options will not only appeal to Jays, but a wider variety of different birds as well.
Water Source
Water is especially important during the colder winter months as Blue Jays rely on water not only for drinking but also for splashing and bathing. To keep them coming back, consider investing in a heated birdbath, which will ensure a reliable water supply even in freezing temperatures. Due to their larger size, Blue Jays need a broad basin that is about 2-3 inches deep. This setup will provide them with plenty of space for both drinking and bathing.
Shelter & Nesting
Unlike many other bird species, Blue Jays don’t typically use birdhouses. Instead, they prefer to nest in mature, sturdy trees. They especially favor trees that also provide a food source. Evergreen trees are crucial for Blue Jays in the fall and winter, as they offer dense cover once trees have shed their leaves. To encourage nesting, consider leaving out natural materials such as grass clippings, twigs, and small branches. These resources will help Blue Jays create well-constructed nests in your yard.
At Feeds’n Needs, we understand that each bird species has its own unique requirements. That’s why we offer a wide selection of bird feed and feeders designed to attract a variety of birds. Whether you’re new to birdwatching or a seasoned enthusiast, we have everything you need to turn your backyard into a haven for Blue Jays and other feathered friends.
How to Attract Common Winter Birds
While many birds migrate south for the winter, several species remain in Canada year-round. Supporting these resilient birds during the colder months not only supports local ecosystems but also offers you the chance to enjoy watching them right outside your window.
Here are three simple ways to attract winter birds to your backyard:
- Delay Cleanup Until Spring
One of the easiest ways to help birds is by postponing garden cleanup until spring. While it might be tempting to tidy up fallen seeds, nuts, and berries, these natural food sources are vital for migrating and wintering birds. By leaving them in place, you’re providing an abundant, natural buffet for your feathered friends.
- Provide Habitat with Native Trees and Shrubs
Creating a bird-friendly habitat begins with the right plants. Add a variety of native trees and shrubs to your yard, which provide both food and shelter. In winter, the branches of these plants offer birds a safe place from harsh weather.
- Offer Sheltered Resting Places
Birdhouses and nesting boxes are essential for winter survival. These structures give birds a place to rest and seek refuge from the cold. Be sure to clean out any birdhouses after the nesting season to prevent disease buildup and offer a fresh, safe environment for the winter months.
Common Winter Birds in the Atlantic Provinces:
Several bird species stick around through the winter in the Atlantic provinces. Some of the most common include:
- Black-Capped Chickadee: Prefers Black Oil Sunflower Seeds
- White-Breasted Nuthatch: Prefers Black Oil Sunflower Seeds & Suet
- House & Purple Finches: Prefer Black Oil Sunflower Seeds
- Northern Cardinals: Prefer Black Oil Sunflower Seeds
- Blue Jays: Prefer Black Oil Sunflower Seeds & Cracked Corn
- American Goldfinches: Prefer Nyjer Seeds
- Common Redpolls: Prefer Black Oil Sunflower Seeds
- Brown Creepers: Prefer Suet
Expert Tip: Black Oil Sunflower Seeds and Suet are some of the best options for attracting the widest variety of birds to your winter feeders.
For more backyard birding tips, be sure to check out our other blogs!
Winter Backyard Bird Enthusiasts
Feeding Wild Birds in Winter
Keep Backyard Birds Healthy in Winter
Best Winter Bird Seed
Best Winter Bird Feeders
What Makes a Great Coop
Chickens make a great addition to your backyard or homestead, but deciding how to house them is one of the most crucial decisions you’ll face as a poultry owner. A well-designed chicken coop should include key elements to create a thriving environment for your flock.
- Coop Space
Make sure your coop is spacious enough for the number of chickens you have. Standard laying hens need about 1.5 to 2 square feet of space each, while meat birds and bantam breeds typically require around 4 square feet. Inadequate space can lead to health problems, such as egg-eating and feather plucking. Ensure your flock has enough room to spread their wings and move around to avoid any feature health issues.
- Ventilation
One of the biggest causes of poor air quality inside a chicken coop is ammonia. Ammonia is released from fresh or moist chicken feces and can be bad for the health of your chickens if it reaches high levels. Proper ventilation helps to remove excess ammonia and maintain clean air. Vents should be placed near the top of the coop to allow contaminated air to escape while avoiding drafts that could make the chickens uncomfortable.
- Insulation
Insulation is very important in climates such as the Maritimes that experience cold winters and hot summers. Proper insulation keeps the coop comfortable for your chickens and can also reduce heating costs in winter.
Ensure any gaps or cracks are sealed to prevent rodents like mice and snakes from entering the coop.
- Roosting Perch
Chickens prefer to sleep off the ground, so providing proper roosting perches is crucial. Roosts should be wide enough to allow chickens to comfortably perch and placed about 1.5 feet above the floor. A strong, spacious roost ensures your chickens can rest without crowding, which is vital for their health and comfort.
- Nesting Boxes
Your chicken coop should always have nesting boxes for your laying hens. These boxes provide a quiet, private space for chickens to lay eggs, making it easier for you to collect them. Keep the boxes dark and position them lower than the roosting bars to prevent chickens from roosting or pooping in them. A general rule is one nesting box for every four chickens. Use soft bedding, like wood shavings or chopped straw, and replace it regularly to prevent the buildup of harmful bacteria.
- Lighting
Adequate lighting is important, especially if your chickens spend significant time indoors. Chickens’ reproductive cycles are linked to daylight, and without enough light, egg production may drop. During the winter, when daylight is shorter, supplementing with soft, yellow artificial light can help maintain egg production. However, constant lighting should be avoided, as it can interfere with their natural cycle.
- Predator Proofing
Check your coop regularly for any areas that a predator may easily breach. Inspect all coop structures, including doors, windows, walls, roof, and floor. Predators are often capable of fitting through tiny holes, so use hardware cloth secured by washers and screws to cover up any cracks or holes in your coop structure, as well as any windows.
If your flock free ranges during the day, ensure everyone is back inside before nightfall and that the coop door is latched securely each night with a lock that predators cannot open.
- Food & Water Supply
A reliable system for food and water is vital for your chickens’ health. Keep feeders and waterers clean and stocked, and place them away from roosting areas to prevent contamination. Providing access to fresh water and a consistent food supply helps prevent dehydration and malnutrition, which can make chickens more susceptible to disease and reduce egg production.
- Raised Floor
A raised plywood floor is ideal for a chicken coop, as it helps keep the bedding dry by improving airflow underneath. This can prevent moisture buildup, which can lead to health problems. A raised floor is more effective than concrete or dirt in shedding moisture.
- Litter Trays
Chickens poop while sleeping, so using a litter tray under the chicken roost is a great way to make cleaning the coop easier. Chicken feces should be removed from the coop frequently to help control ammonia levels.
These features should be high on your priority list when thinking about the interior design of your chicken coop. A chicken coop designed with the proper elements will make a significant contribution to the health and well-being of your flock and, in the long run, reduce the cost of raising chickens.
