Fall Cleanup, Compost, Soil Protection and Garden Tool Storage

A productive spring garden starts with the work you do in the fall. Once the final vegetables are harvested and frost begins settling across Atlantic Canada, preparing your raised garden beds for winter can protect the soil, reduce pest and disease problems and make spring planting much easier.

Maritime winters bring repeated freezing and thawing, heavy rain, strong winds, snow and periods of saturated soil. Raised beds drain better than many in-ground gardens, but exposed soil can still erode, compact and lose nutrients if it is left unprotected.

From removing diseased plants to adding compost and draining garden hoses, this raised garden bed winter checklist will help you put your garden to rest properly.

Why Raised Garden Beds Need Fall Preparation

Raised beds are productive because they provide good drainage, warmer spring soil and greater control over soil quality. Their elevated design can also leave the soil more exposed to winter weather.

Without fall preparation, raised garden beds may experience:

• Soil erosion from rain and melting snow
• Nutrient loss
• Compaction
• Weed growth
• Overwintering pests
• Recurring plant diseases
• Damage to wooden boards or fasteners
• Frozen or cracked watering equipment
• A larger cleanup job in spring

Preparing raised garden beds before winter protects the investment you have made in your soil, plants and garden structure.

1. Finish Harvesting Before Winter

Begin by collecting the last usable vegetables and herbs. Some cold-tolerant crops can remain in the garden after light frost, while tender plants should be harvested before temperatures drop significantly.

Late-season crops may include:

• Carrots
• Beets
• Kale
• Swiss chard
• Leeks
• Spinach
• Brussels sprouts
• Parsnips
• Hardy herbs

Use your local forecast and the needs of each crop to determine when to harvest. Atlantic Canadian frost dates vary by province and even between inland and coastal communities.

Healthy root crops may be left in the soil temporarily under a protective layer of mulch, but harvest plans should account for frozen ground, wildlife and excessive moisture.

2. Remove Spent and Diseased Plants

Once harvesting is complete, remove annual vegetable plants, fallen fruit and other garden debris.

Pay particular attention to plants showing possible signs of disease, including:

• Spotted or discoloured leaves
• Powdery or fuzzy growth
• Blackened stems
• Unusual wilting
• Rotting roots or fruit
• Cankers or damaged plant tissue
• Significant insect infestations

Removing affected material can help reduce the chance of pests or plant diseases overwintering in the bed and returning next season.

Should Diseased Plants Go in the Compost?

Healthy plant material can generally be added to a properly managed compost pile. Diseased or heavily infested plants require more caution.

A typical backyard compost pile may not become hot enough throughout to destroy every plant pathogen, pest or weed seed. Keep questionable material out of your regular compost and dispose of it according to local municipal guidelines.

Do not leave diseased plants lying beside the raised bed or mix them back into the garden soil.

3. Remove Weeds Before They Produce Seed

Fall weeds compete for moisture and nutrients and may provide shelter for insects. Remove them before they mature and release seeds into the bed.

Pull weeds carefully, removing as much of the root system as possible. Pay special attention to perennial weeds that can survive winter and return from established roots in spring.

Do not place mature weeds containing seed heads into a cool backyard compost pile. The seeds may survive and spread when the compost is used later.

Feeds’n Needs carries garden gloves, hand cultivators, hoes, rakes and other tools to help with end-of-season garden cleanup. Product selection varies by location.

4. Inspect the Raised Bed Structure

With the plants removed, fall is a good time to examine the bed itself.

Check for:

• Loose boards
• Rotting wood
• Bowed or shifting sides
• Protruding screws or nails
• Rusted brackets
• Damaged corner joints
• Soil leaking from gaps
• Signs of rodents
• Poor drainage around the base

Tighten loose hardware and complete minor repairs before snow hides the damage. If a board is beginning to fail, replacing it in fall can prevent the bed from shifting under the weight of wet soil and snow.

Avoid using wood treatments that are not intended for use near edible gardens.

5. Add Compost to Raised Garden Beds in Fall

Fall is an excellent time to add finished compost to a raised bed. Compost adds organic matter, supports soil structure and helps replenish nutrients used during the growing season.

Spread a layer of finished compost over the bed’s surface. A modest top-dressing is usually enough; the appropriate amount will depend on the existing soil and the compost being used.

You may use:

• Fully finished compost
• Properly composted manure
• A suitable garden soil amendment
• A quality soil-and-compost blend

Only use well-composted manure around vegetable gardens. Fresh manure can contain excessive nutrients, weed seeds and potentially harmful microorganisms.

Feeds’n Needs offers seasonal soil, compost and manure-based garden amendments at select locations. Ask our team which option is appropriate for your raised garden beds and always follow package directions.

6. Test Before Adding Lime or Fertilizer

It can be tempting to add lime or fertilizer automatically during fall cleanup, but more is not always better.

A soil test can help determine:

• Soil pH
• Organic matter levels
• Nutrient availability
• Whether lime is required
• Which amendments may benefit the next crop

Applying lime without knowing the soil pH may make certain nutrients less available to plants. Similarly, unnecessary fertilizer can be lost through runoff or contribute to nutrient imbalances.

If testing recommends an amendment, follow the application rate carefully. Feeds’n Needs carries select lime, fertilizer and soil-improvement products, but product choice should be based on your soil conditions and intended crops.

7. Protect Bare Soil Through Winter

Do not leave raised garden bed soil completely bare if it can be avoided. Heavy rain, snowmelt and wind can move exposed soil and wash away nutrients.

A protective cover can also reduce compaction and limit winter weed growth.

Mulch

Apply an appropriate layer of:

• Clean straw
• Chopped leaves
• Leaf mulch
• Suitable untreated organic material

Mulch helps protect the soil surface from erosion and reduces damage caused by repeated freezing and thawing. Avoid thick, waterlogged layers that may mat down and restrict airflow.

Do not use plant material that is diseased, heavily infested or full of mature weed seeds.

Cover Crops

If there is enough growing time before hard frost, a suitable cover crop can help protect the soil and add organic matter.

The best cover crop will depend on:

• Planting date
• Local climate
• Bed size
• Winter hardiness
• Your spring planting schedule

Choose carefully and understand how the crop will be managed in spring. A cover crop should not become a weed or delay planting.

Garden Covers

A breathable garden cover can help keep leaves and debris from blowing into the bed. Secure it carefully so Atlantic Canadian wind does not carry it away.

Avoid sealing wet soil under non-breathable plastic for the entire winter. Trapped moisture can create poor conditions and plastic may tear under snow or ice.

8. Decide What Should Remain in the Bed

Not every plant needs to be removed.

Healthy perennial herbs and vegetables may remain, depending on their winter hardiness. These could include:

• Chives
• Thyme
• Oregano
• Asparagus
• Rhubarb
• Strawberries

Remove dead or diseased growth as appropriate and protect vulnerable roots with mulch. Some plants benefit from waiting until after frost before cutting back.

Do not assume every perennial will survive an Atlantic Canadian winter in a raised bed. Elevated soil can become colder than surrounding ground, especially when the bed is exposed to wind. Check the hardiness requirements for each plant.

9. Clean and Store Stakes, Cages and Supports

Tomato cages, trellises, plant stakes and garden ties can carry soil and plant debris from one season to the next.

Before storage:

1. Remove vines, roots and old ties.
2. Brush away soil and debris.
3. Wash reusable supports.
4. Allow everything to dry completely.
5. Inspect for cracks, rust or sharp edges.
6. Store items in a dry, sheltered area.

Discard damaged supports that cannot be used safely. Organize stakes and cages by size so they are easy to find during spring planting.

Cleaning reusable garden supports also reduces the amount of old plant material left available to harbour pests.

10. Clean and Store Garden Tools

Soil and moisture can cause rust, dull blades and damage wooden handles. A few minutes of fall maintenance can extend the life of your tools.

Garden Tool Storage Checklist

• Remove all soil and plant debris.
• Wash tools when necessary.
• Dry them thoroughly.
• Sharpen pruners, hoes and shovel edges if appropriate.
• Inspect handles for cracks or splinters.
• Tighten loose screws and fasteners.
• Store tools off the floor in a dry location.
• Keep sharp tools safely away from children and pets.

Clean cutting tools between diseased and healthy plants during the season and before winter storage. Use a cleaning or disinfecting method appropriate for the tool material and allow it to dry completely.

Feeds’n Needs carries work gloves, rakes, shovels, hand tools and seasonal garden accessories to help complete fall garden cleanup.

11. Drain and Store Hoses and Watering Equipment

Water left inside a hose, nozzle or watering wand can freeze, expand and cause cracking.

Before freezing temperatures arrive:

• Disconnect hoses from outdoor taps.
• Drain hoses completely.
• Remove nozzles and watering wands.
• Empty watering cans and portable containers.
• Drain irrigation lines according to manufacturer directions.
• Store hoses loosely coiled in a sheltered location.
• Shut off and drain outdoor plumbing where applicable.
• Inspect washers and fittings for wear.

Avoid hanging a hose tightly from one point, as this can create kinks or stress the material. A hose reel or broad wall hanger provides better support.

If you use timers, filters or pressure regulators, remove and store them before hard freezes unless the manufacturer states they are designed for winter exposure.

12. Record What Grew in Each Bed

Before snow covers the garden, make a simple map of what was planted in each raised bed.

Record:

• Crops grown
• Varieties that performed well
• Pest or disease problems
• Compost and amendments added
• Areas with poor drainage
• Crops that struggled
• Harvest timing
• Plans for crop rotation

Garden records can make spring planning easier and help prevent planting closely related vegetables in the same location year after year.

Raised Garden Bed Winter Checklist

Before winter arrives:

• Harvest remaining vegetables.
• Remove spent annual plants.
• Separate diseased material from healthy compostable debris.
• Pull weeds before they produce seed.
• Remove fallen or rotting produce.
• Inspect boards, corners and hardware.
• Add finished compost where appropriate.
• Test soil before applying lime or fertilizer.
• Cover bare soil with mulch or another suitable option.
• Protect overwintering perennials.
• Clean and store cages, stakes and trellises.
• Clean, dry and organize garden tools.
• Drain and store hoses and watering equipment.
• Record crops, problems and amendments.
• Secure all covers against wind.

Give Next Year’s Garden a Better Start

Preparing raised garden beds for winter does more than make the yard look tidy. It protects valuable soil, reduces potential pest and disease problems and creates better conditions for spring planting.

Atlantic Canadian weather can be hard on exposed gardens, but removing diseased plants, adding finished compost, protecting bare soil and properly storing garden equipment can help your raised beds handle the months ahead.

Visit your local Feeds’n Needs for seasonal compost, soil amendments, mulch options, gloves, garden tools, hose accessories and other supplies for your fall garden cleanup. Product availability varies by store location.

Strategic Deworming, Warning Signs and Pasture Management for a Healthier Herd

As summer show schedules slow down and horses transition from pasture to winter routines, fall is an important time to review your parasite-control program.

Warm days, cool nights, autumn rain and heavily grazed paddocks can create favourable conditions for parasite exposure across Atlantic Canada. However, effective fall parasite control is no longer as simple as giving every horse the same dewormer on the same calendar date.

A responsible program considers each horse’s age, health, environment, travel history and previous treatments. It also combines veterinarian-guided deworming with accurate dosing, proper recordkeeping and good pasture management.

Why Equine Parasite Control Matters

Internal parasites are a normal management concern for grazing horses. Parasite eggs are passed in manure, develop in the environment and may later be ingested while horses graze.

A significant parasite burden may contribute to:

• Unexplained weight loss
• Poor body condition
• A dull or rough hair coat
• Reduced appetite
• Diarrhea or changes in manure
• Poor growth in young horses
• Reduced energy or performance
• Recurring digestive discomfort
• Colic in some cases

These signs are not exclusive to parasites. Dental problems, poor nutrition, ulcers and other health conditions can cause similar symptoms. A horse showing weight loss, diarrhea, colic or a noticeable change in behaviour should be assessed by a veterinarian.

Why Fall Deserves Special Attention

Atlantic Canadian pastures can remain damp well into the fall. Moderate temperatures and moisture can allow certain parasite eggs and larvae to continue developing on pasture.

Colder weather may slow that development, but the first frost does not automatically eliminate every parasite risk.

Fall also brings several management changes:

• Horses may move from pasture into smaller paddocks.
• Grazing areas may become shorter or overused.
• Animals may gather around shared hay and water.
• Horses may return home after shows, clinics or summer boarding.
• New horses may be introduced to a barn.
• Manure may become concentrated around winter feeding areas.
• Changing weather may increase time spent in high-traffic turnout areas.

These conditions make fall a useful time to review your horse’s parasite-control plan with your veterinarian.

How to Know When Your Horse May Need Deworming

Parasites are not always easy to detect. Some horses can carry and shed parasites without showing obvious outward signs.

Possible signs that warrant a conversation with your veterinarian include:

• Unexplained weight loss
• Difficulty maintaining body condition
• A dull, rough or unusually long hair coat
• Reduced appetite
• Loose manure or recurring diarrhea
• Reduced energy or performance
• Poor growth in young horses
• A pot-bellied appearance in young horses
• Tail rubbing or irritation around the dock
• Recurrent digestive discomfort
• Pale gums, weakness or lethargy
• Visible worms or unusual material in manure
• Declining topline despite appropriate feeding

These symptoms do not confirm that a horse has parasites. Contact your veterinarian before administering a dewormer, particularly if the horse is losing weight, showing signs of colic or appears unwell.

Consider Your Horse’s Risk Factors

A horse can look healthy and still have parasite exposure. Certain management conditions may increase risk, including:

• Heavily used or overstocked pasture
• Sharing paddocks with several horses
• Grazing very short grass near manure-contaminated areas
• Irregular manure removal
• Frequent travel to shows, clinics or boarding facilities
• Recent arrival at a new barn
• Contact with horses that have an unknown treatment history
• A history of parasite problems
• An inconsistent deworming program
• Young or advanced age
• Poor body condition or existing health concerns

Foals, young horses, seniors and horses with health problems may require different parasite-control strategies. Their plans should always be developed with a veterinarian.

Why Appearance Alone Is Not Enough

A horse can appear healthy while still contributing parasite eggs to its environment. On the other hand, a thin horse does not automatically need deworming.

Giving a dewormer based only on appearance or a fixed calendar can lead to unnecessary treatment. It may also contribute to anthelmintic resistance—the ability of parasites to survive a product that was previously effective.

Your veterinarian can consider the horse’s age, health, living conditions, previous treatments and exposure risks before recommending whether treatment is appropriate.

Move Away from Automatic Calendar Deworming

For many years, it was common to deworm every horse at fixed intervals and rotate products throughout the year. Current veterinary recommendations advise against blindly treating every horse using the same repeating schedule.

A strategic parasite-control program may consider:

• The horse’s age and individual health
• Previous parasite-control history
• Pasture and housing conditions
• Travel and exposure to unfamiliar horses
• Parasites of concern
• Products previously administered
• Known resistance on the property
• The most appropriate seasonal timing
• Whether additional veterinary monitoring is needed

The American Association of Equine Practitioners advises against deworming all horses at fixed intervals year-round or blindly rotating dewormer classes.

Choosing the Right Horse Dewormer

There is no single dewormer that is automatically right for every horse, parasite or farm.

Different products contain different active ingredients and target different parasites or life stages. The product used last fall may not necessarily be the correct choice this year.

Before selecting a horse dewormer, speak with your veterinarian about:

• The horse’s age
• Current health and body condition
• Pregnancy or nursing status
• Recent symptoms or digestive concerns
• Previous products and treatment dates
• Other medications or health conditions
• Travel and show history
• New arrivals at the barn
• Parasites of concern
• Known or suspected resistance
• Appropriate timing for treatment

Never combine dewormers, change the recommended dose or give a horse a product intended for another livestock species unless specifically directed by a veterinarian.

Feeds’n Needs carries equine deworming products at select locations. Availability varies by store, and our team can help you locate the product recommended by your veterinarian.

Accurate Weight and Dosing Matter

Underdosing may result in ineffective treatment and contribute to resistance. Estimating a horse’s weight by sight can be difficult, especially when the horse has a thick winter coat or carries weight unevenly.

Use a livestock scale when available. An equine weight tape can provide a practical estimate when a scale is not accessible.

Once your veterinarian has recommended a product:

1. Read the complete product label.
2. Confirm the horse’s current weight.
3. Set the dosing syringe carefully.
4. Make sure the horse receives the full dose.
5. Confirm that the medication has been swallowed.
6. Record the product, active ingredient, dose and date.
7. Monitor the horse as advised by your veterinarian.

Never administer more than the labelled or veterinarian-prescribed amount.

Keep Individual Deworming Records

Maintain a parasite-control record for every horse rather than relying on memory or a general barn calendar.

Record:

• Treatment date
• Product name
• Active ingredient
• Dose administered
• Estimated or measured weight
• Reason for treatment
• Previous veterinary recommendations
• Reactions or concerns after treatment
• Travel and new-horse introductions
• Pasture or housing changes

Good records help prevent accidental repeat treatments and allow your veterinarian to identify patterns over time.

Pasture Management Is Part of Parasite Control

Deworming alone is not a complete parasite-control program. Horses can be exposed again when grazing contaminated areas, making manure and pasture management essential.

Remove Manure Regularly

Pick manure from smaller paddocks, dry lots and high-traffic areas regularly. Pay particular attention to:

• Hay-feeding areas
• Gates and laneways
• Shelters
• Water sources
• Small sacrifice paddocks
• Winter turnout areas

Feeds’n Needs carries stable forks, manure-handling tools, wheelbarrows and other barn-cleaning supplies that make regular cleanup easier.

Avoid Overcrowding

More horses in a limited area generally means more manure and greater environmental contamination. Avoid overcrowding whenever possible and provide enough room around hay, water and shelter areas.

Prevent Overgrazing

Horses grazing very short pasture may feed closer to manure-contaminated areas. Rest overused paddocks and provide suitable forage when grass becomes limited.

Moving hay feeders periodically can also help reduce concentrated manure and damaged ground around winter feeding areas.

Rotate Pastures Carefully

Pasture rotation can help protect forage and reduce overgrazing, but simply moving horses does not eliminate parasites.

Rotation works best when combined with:

• Regular manure removal
• Appropriate stocking density
• Rest periods for pasture
• Proper composting
• Veterinarian-guided parasite control
• Careful management of new arrivals

Quarantine New Horses

New horses may introduce parasites—including resistant populations—to a property.

Before turning a new horse out with the resident herd:

• Keep the horse in a separate area.
• Use separate buckets and manure tools where practical.
• Review its health and deworming history.
• Contact your veterinarian for an appropriate arrival protocol.
• Avoid spreading manure from quarantine areas onto active pasture.

Compost Manure Properly

Avoid spreading fresh horse manure directly onto fields currently being grazed. Proper composting creates heat that helps reduce parasite survival and produces a more useful soil amendment.

Keep compost piles away from feed and water sources and manage runoff during wet Atlantic Canadian weather.

Support Overall Health Through Fall

Parasite control is only one part of preparing a horse for winter. A horse entering the colder months in good condition is better positioned to handle declining pasture quality and changing weather.

Review:

• Body condition
• Forage quality and quantity
• Access to clean water
• Salt and mineral availability
• Dental care
• Hoof care
• Vaccination status
• Shelter and blanketing needs
• Feed changes as pasture declines

Feeds’n Needs offers equine feed, forage products, salt, minerals, buckets, weight tapes, manure forks and stable supplies to support your horse’s complete fall-care routine.

Nutritional products and supplements do not replace veterinary-prescribed parasite treatment.

Signs That Require Veterinary Attention

Do not wait for a planned deworming date if your horse develops concerning symptoms.

Contact your veterinarian if you notice:

• Colic or repeated digestive discomfort
• Persistent diarrhea
• Rapid or unexplained weight loss
• Weakness or lethargy
• Loss of appetite
• Pale gums
• Poor growth in a young horse
• Significant abdominal distension
• Sudden decline in body condition
• Visible worms accompanied by illness

Attempting to treat a sick or heavily affected horse without veterinary direction may delay proper diagnosis and care.

Fall Horse Deworming Checklist

Before administering a dewormer:

• Review your horse’s health and treatment history.
• Consider recent travel and exposure to unfamiliar horses.
• Watch for changes in weight, appetite, manure and performance.
• Discuss risk factors with your veterinarian.
• Ask which parasites should be targeted.
• Use only the veterinarian-recommended product.
• Measure or accurately estimate body weight.
• Follow the product label and dosing instructions.
• Record the product, active ingredient, dose and date.
• Monitor your horse following treatment.
• Remove manure from high-use areas.
• Rest overgrazed paddocks where possible.
• Quarantine new arrivals.
• Maintain good forage, water and mineral support.

Build a Smarter Fall Parasite-Control Program

Fall parasite control is not about automatically reaching for the same dewormer used last year. It is about considering the horse in front of you, identifying its risk factors and making informed decisions with your veterinarian.

Strategic deworming, accurate dosing, recordkeeping and responsible pasture management can help protect horse health while preserving the effectiveness of available products.

Once your veterinarian recommends an appropriate product, visit your local Feeds’n Needs for select equine dewormers, weight tapes, manure forks, buckets, stable-cleaning tools and other supplies that support responsible fall horse care. Product selection varies by location.

Preparing Backyard Birds for Fall Migration in Atlantic Canada

As summer fades across Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, wild birds begin preparing for one of the most demanding stages of their annual cycle: fall migration.

Some species travel thousands of kilometres to reach their wintering grounds, while others remain in the Maritimes and prepare for colder temperatures and reduced natural food supplies. By providing nutritious wild bird seed, clean water, safe shelter and properly maintained feeders, you can turn your backyard into a valuable place for birds to rest and refuel.

When Does Fall Bird Migration Begin in Atlantic Canada?

Fall bird migration occurs in waves, with different species leaving at different times. In Atlantic Canada, migration generally begins in late summer and continues through October, with some species travelling into November.

Shorebirds and insect-eating birds may begin moving first, followed by Ruby-throated hummingbirds, warblers, swallows and other songbirds. Waterfowl and later-migrating species may remain well into the fall.

Migration timing is influenced by:

• Shorter daylight hours
• Changing temperatures
• Food availability
• Weather systems and wind direction
• Each species’ natural migration cycle

During this period, you may notice unfamiliar birds visiting your yard. Some may stop for only a few hours, while others remain for several days to replenish their energy reserves.

Offer High-Energy Wild Bird Food

Migration requires a tremendous amount of energy. Birds need calorie-dense, nutritious food to build and maintain the fat reserves required for long-distance flight.

Good fall bird-feeding options include:

Black Oil Sunflower Seed

Black oil sunflower seed is one of the best all-around options for feeding backyard birds in Atlantic Canada. Its thin shell is easy for smaller birds to open, while its high oil content provides valuable energy.

It commonly attracts chickadees, nuthatches, cardinals, finches, blue jays, grosbeaks and woodpeckers.

Peanuts

Plain, unsalted peanuts and peanut pieces provide protein and fat for active birds. They are especially popular with blue jays, woodpeckers, chickadees and nuthatches.

Use a dedicated peanut feeder to keep the food secure and reduce waste.

Nyjer Seed

Nyjer is an oil-rich seed suited to small-beaked birds such as goldfinches, pine siskins and redpolls. Because it is very small, Nyjer should be served in a specialized tube or mesh feeder.

Quality Wild Bird Seed Blends

A balanced wild bird blend can attract several species at once. Look for mixtures containing nutritious ingredients such as sunflower seed, millet, safflower and peanuts.

Feeds’n Needs carries black oil sunflower seed, Nyjer seed, peanuts, millet, mixed wild bird seed, cracked corn, bird pies and other seasonal options. Product selection may vary by store location.

Introduce Suet When Temperatures Cool

Suet is a concentrated source of fat that can help birds meet their increased energy needs during cool weather. It is especially popular with woodpeckers, chickadees, nuthatches and brown creepers.

Wait until temperatures are consistently cooler before offering traditional suet, as it can soften or spoil during warm weather. Place suet blocks in a properly designed cage feeder that gives clinging birds a secure surface while they eat.

Suet cakes and feeders are available at Feeds’n Needs to help you prepare your fall and winter bird-feeding station.

Match the Feeder to the Food

Using the correct feeder helps protect seed from Maritime rain and wind while making it easier for the right birds to access it.

• Tube feeders: Suitable for sunflower seed, mixed seed and peanuts.
• Hopper feeders: Provide shelter for seed and accommodate several bird species.
• Nyjer feeders: Designed with small openings for finches and other small-beaked birds.
• Suet cages: Securely hold suet blocks for clinging birds.
• Platform feeders: Attract a wide range of species but require frequent cleaning.
• Squirrel-resistant feeders: Help reduce seed loss during the busy fall foraging season.

Place feeders near trees or shrubs that provide quick escape cover, but not directly beside dense vegetation where outdoor cats or other predators can hide.

Covered feeders and weather guards can help keep seed dry during wet Maritime fall weather.

Clean Feeders Before Migration Peaks

Fall migration can bring many birds into close contact at backyard feeders. Damp seed, mould, droppings and spoiled food may contribute to the spread of disease.

Before feeder activity increases:

1. Empty and discard old seed.
2. Take the feeder apart where possible.
3. Scrub away dirt, droppings and stuck seed.
4. Disinfect it with an appropriate cleaning solution.
5. Rinse thoroughly.
6. Allow every part to dry before refilling.

Continue checking feeders throughout the fall. Remove wet, compacted or mouldy seed immediately and regularly rake up discarded hulls beneath the feeding area.

If you notice birds with swollen eyes, poor balance, unusual lethargy or difficulty flying, temporarily remove feeders and birdbaths. Clean them thoroughly and contact a local wildlife authority for guidance.

Provide Fresh Water

Birds need clean water for drinking and feather maintenance throughout the year. A shallow birdbath can provide an important hydration and resting point for migrating birds.

For a healthier water station:

• Replace the water every day or two.
• Remove leaves, seed hulls, algae and droppings.
• Scrub the basin regularly.
• Add clean stones if the surface is deep or slippery.
• Position the birdbath where birds can watch for predators.
• Switch to a heated birdbath or birdbath heater when temperatures begin to freeze.

Never add salt, antifreeze or other chemicals to prevent birdbath water from freezing.

Keep Hummingbird Feeders Available

Ruby-throated hummingbirds begin travelling south in late summer, but birds from farther north may continue passing through Atlantic Canada after your usual summer visitors have left.

Keeping a feeder available will not stop hummingbirds from migrating. Their journey is guided primarily by natural seasonal cues, including changes in daylight.

Keep hummingbird feeders up for approximately two weeks after your last sighting. Continue replacing the nectar and cleaning the feeder even if visits become less frequent.

Feeds’n Needs carries hummingbird feeders and nectar products to help support late-season travellers.

Leave Natural Food and Shelter

A bird-friendly fall yard does not need to be perfectly tidy. Seed heads, native berries, insects, leaf litter and dense vegetation provide natural food and shelter.

Consider leaving:

• Sunflower and coneflower seed heads
• Native grasses and berry-producing shrubs
• Fallen leaves beneath shrubs
• Dead plant stems until spring
• Undisturbed garden edges
• A small brush pile in a quiet corner
• Evergreen trees and shrubs for wind protection

Avoid unnecessary pesticide use during migration. Insects remain an important source of protein and energy for many travelling birds.

Reduce Common Backyard Hazards

Migrating birds may be unfamiliar with your property, making them especially vulnerable to reflective windows, artificial lighting and predators.

Help make your backyard safer by:

• Applying closely spaced bird-safe markings to the outside of windows
• Installing exterior screens or approved window film
• Closing curtains and blinds when rooms are not in use
• Turning off unnecessary indoor and outdoor lights at night
• Keeping cats indoors, in a secure enclosure or closely supervised
• Moving feeders away from low hiding places used by predators

Many songbirds migrate after dark. Reducing unnecessary nighttime lighting can help prevent confusion and disorientation, particularly during cloudy or foggy Maritime weather.

Prepare Feeders for Maritime Fall Weather

Atlantic Canadian fall weather can bring heavy rain, tropical storms, strong winds and sudden temperature changes. Inspect your feeding station regularly and prepare it before severe weather arrives.

• Secure feeder poles, hooks and hanging systems.
• Repair or replace cracked and damaged feeders.
• Bring lightweight feeders indoors during damaging winds.
• Store seed in a cool, dry place inside a sealed container.
• Discard seed that becomes wet or mouldy.
• Clear storm debris from feeders and birdbaths.
• Refill feeders once conditions are safe.

Support Fall Migration from Your Backyard

A clean feeder, high-energy wild bird seed, fresh water and safe shelter can make your backyard a valuable stopover for fall migratory birds. Continuing to feed after migration also supports chickadees, nuthatches, woodpeckers, cardinals, finches and other birds that remain in the Maritimes throughout winter.

Visit your local Feeds’n Needs for wild bird seed, black oil sunflower seed, Nyjer seed, peanuts, suet, nectar, feeders, birdbaths and other backyard bird-feeding supplies. Our team can help you choose the right food and feeder combination for the birds visiting your property this fall.

How to protect animals, barns, feed and farm supplies before high winds, heavy rain and flash flooding arrive 

Hurricane season can bring powerful winds, storm surge, prolonged power outages and sudden flooding to farms across Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. For livestock owners, equestrians and small-scale farmers, waiting until a storm is approaching can leave too little time to safely move animals, secure buildings or gather essential supplies. 

A practical farm hurricane preparedness plan can reduce confusion, protect livestock and help your operation recover faster. Whether you care for horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry or a mixed backyard flock, preparation should begin well before the first warning is issued. 

Why Atlantic Canadian farms need a hurricane plan.

Maritime weather can change quickly.
A hurricane or post-tropical storm may produce several hazards at once: 

• High winds that damage barns, fencing and shelters  
• Falling trees and airborne debris  
• Heavy rainfall and flash flooding  
• Storm surge in low-lying coastal areas  
• Washed-out lanes, culverts and access roads  
• Extended power, pump and communication outages  
• Contaminated wells, pasture and feed  
• Frightened animals that may escape through damaged fencing  

Every property has different risks. Begin by identifying low-lying fields, waterways, weak structures, aging trees, flood-prone roads, and areas where animals could become trapped. 

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada recommend maintaining a written emergency plan, farm map, livestock inventory, animal identification information and records of feed, equipment, hazardous materials and vaccinations. Review its emergency-planning guidance for producers here: Emergency planning is for producers too – agriculture.canada.ca 

 

Create a livestock evacuation plan before the storm.

Decide in advance whether your animals will shelter on the farm or evacuate. This decision may depend on the storm’s projected path, local flood risk, road conditions, available transportation, and the strength of your buildings. 

Your plan should answer the following questions: 

• Where will each group of animals go?  
• Is the destination on higher ground and outside the expected flood area?  
• Are trailers and hauling vehicles ready?  
• How many trips will be required?  
• Who is available to help catch, load, and transport animals?  
• Which evacuation routes and alternate routes can accommodate a trailer?  
• Where will animals be housed if they cannot return immediately?  
• Who will make the final decision to evacuate?  

Never wait until water is rising or winds are severe to begin moving livestock. Trailers can become unsafe in strong crosswinds, and flooded roads may conceal washouts, debris, or damaged culverts. Follow instructions from local emergency officials and never drive through floodwater. 

Practice loading animals before hurricane season; An emergency is not the time to introduce a horse, cow, sheep or goat to a trailer for the first time. 

Prepare halters, leads and handling equipment 

Reliable handling equipment can make evacuation faster and safer. Keep emergency supplies together in a clearly marked, easily accessible location—not buried at the back of a tack room or locked inside a building that could become unsafe. 

For horses and suitable livestock, prepare: 

• Properly fitted halters  
• Strong lead ropes  
• Spare halters in multiple sizes  
• Livestock ties or trailer ties appropriate for the animal  
• Quick-release hardware where appropriate  
• Stable hooks and safe hanging hardware  
• Livestock panels or portable gates  
• Flashlights and headlamps  
• Work gloves and sturdy footwear  

Inspect every halter before storm season. Look for frayed webbing, stretched holes, rusted hardware, loose stitching and damaged snaps. Buckles should fasten securely, and the halter should fit closely enough that it cannot easily slip off without restricting breathing or movement. 

Label halters and lead ropes with the owner’s name, phone number and the animal’s identification. Waterproof luggage tags, livestock markers or securely attached identification tags can help reunite an animal with its owner if fences fail or animals are displaced. 

Do not leave an ordinary halter on an unattended animal unless your emergency plan specifically requires it and it can be done safely. Halters may catch on fencing, branches or barn hardware. Stage fitted halters where they can be reached quickly and consider breakaway options when appropriate. Ask your veterinarian or an experienced livestock professional for your species and setup. 

Feeds’n Needs carries practical farm and stable essentials such as halters, lead ropes, ties, buckets, stable hooks and livestock-handling supplies to help owners prepare before severe weather arrives. Product availability may vary by store. 

 

Identifying every animal

Visible identification is especially important when high winds or flooding can damage fences.
Depending on the species and provincial requirements, identification may include: 

• Ear tags  
• Tattoos  
• Microchips  
• Leg bands  
• Halter tags  
• Livestock-safe temporary marking  
• Waterproof contact information attached securely to a suitable collar or halter  

Keep current photos of horses and livestock, including distinguishing markings. Store digital and printed copies of ownership records, registration papers, health information, medications and vaccination records. 

Maintain an updated list of animal numbers by species, pasture, and building. Ensure that another trusted person knows where the records are kept. 

Reduce the risk from flash flooding 

Flash flooding can rise quickly and cut off access to barns, pastures, and roads. Move animals away from flood-prone fields, riverbanks, drainage channels, and low-lying buildings before heavy rain begins. 

Avoid locking animals inside a structure that is likely to flood. At the same time, do not release animals onto roads or unfamiliar land. The safest choice depends on the property, predicted conditions and available shelter, which is why planning with your veterinarian, municipality and local emergency officials is essential. 

Before the storm: 

• Clear safe drainage routes without entering unstable ditches  
• Move portable equipment and supplies to higher ground  
• Raise bagged feed, bedding and medications off the floor  
• Relocate fuel, chemicals and pesticides away from flood risk  
• Secure manure storage and waste areas  
• Check culverts, lanes and alternate access points  
• Move tractors and generators to secure, elevated locations  

After flooding, treat standing water, submerged feed and wet bedding as potentially contaminated. Do not allow livestock to drink from floodwater. Inspect wells and water systems and follow provincial guidance before resuming use if contamination is suspected. The Government of Canada advises residents to understand their local flood risk and follow directions from emergency responders and officials. Read Canada’s flood-preparedness guidance. 

Secure barns, coops and farm property

High winds can turn loose equipment into dangerous debris. Walk the property before the weather deteriorates and secure or move: 

• Feeders and water tubs  
• Wheelbarrows and tools  
• Garbage cans and empty barrels  
• Portable shelters  
• Gates and livestock panels  
• Patio furniture and signs  
• Tarps and temporary fencing  
• Trailers and small equipment  

Inspect roofs, doors, windows and siding. Repair loose metal, damaged latches, and weak hinges. Store chemicals, medications and fuels in secure locations, following their handling and ventilation requirements. 

Remove dead branches where it is safe to do so but leave major tree work to qualified professionals. Identify large trees that could fall across barns, fences, power lines, or evacuation routes. 

 

Protect feed, hay, bedding and clean water 

A hurricane can disrupt deliveries and electricity for several days. Maintain an emergency supply of feed, forage, bedding, and water based on the needs of your animals and the realistic length of a local outage. 

Store feed in waterproof, animal-resistant containers. Keep bagged products on pallets or shelving and away from walls where moisture may enter. Inspect the hay-storage area for roof leaks, blocked drainage, and wind exposure. 

Discard feed or hay that has been contaminated by floodwater, fuel, chemicals, mould or sewage. When in doubt, consult your veterinarian, feed specialist or provincial agriculture authority before feeding it. 

Water planning is equally important. Calculate how much your animals require each day, including extra water for cleaning and heat. Fill approved water containers before the storm and keep buckets and tubs clean and ready. 

If your farm relies on an electric well pump, establish a backup water plan. Generators must be operated outdoors and well away from doors, windows, barns and occupied spaces to prevent deadly carbon monoxide exposure. Never connect a generator to a building electrical system without approved transfer of equipment installed by a qualified electrician. 

 

Assemble a farm emergency kit 

Keep supplies in waterproof, clearly marked containers that can be loaded quickly.
A livestock and small-farm emergency kit may include: 

• Halters, leads and suitable livestock ties  
• Feed and water buckets  
• Stable hooks and hanging hardware  
• Portable fencing supplies  
• Livestock identification supplies  
• First-aid supplies recommended by your veterinarian  
• Several days of essential medications  
• Flashlights, headlamps and batteries  
• Battery-powered radio  
• Charged power banks  
• Work gloves and rain gear  
• Basic hand tools  
• Fire extinguishers  
• Paper farm maps and evacuation routes  
• Animal records and emergency contacts  
• Feed, forage, bedding and potable water  

Check the kit at the beginning of hurricane season and replace expired medications, damaged equipment and dead batteries. 

Build an emergency contact list

Keep printed and digital copies of contact information for: 

• Your veterinarian  
• Local emergency management office  
• Provincial emergency alerts  
• Fire department and police  
• Trailer owners and livestock transporters  
• Nearby farmers and trusted neighbours  
• Feed and farm-supply store  
• Temporary boarding locations  
• Insurance provider  
• Electric utility  
• Fuel supplier  

Assign responsibilities to family members, employees, and neighbours. Everyone should know who monitors alerts, who handles each group of animals, who prepares the trailer, and who shuts down utilities if authorities advise doing so. 

 

 

Inspect animals and property after the storm 

Wait for officials to confirm that it is safe before returning to an evacuated property. Watch for downed power lines, unstable buildings, sharp debris, washed-out ground and displaced wildlife. 

Check animals for: 

• Cuts, punctures or swelling  
• Lameness  
• Breathing difficulty  
• Signs of stress or shock  
• Dehydration  
• Reduced appetite  
• Diarrhea or digestive upset  
• Exposure to contaminated water or feed  

Contact your veterinarian if an animal is injured, behaving abnormally or may have consumed contaminated material. 

Before returning livestock to a field, walk the entire fence line and inspect gates, posts, wire, water sources and footing. Photograph damage before beginning cleanup when it is safe, particularly for insurance records. 

 

Prepare now, not when the wind begins 

Atlantic Canadian farmers are accustomed to changing weather, but hurricanes and post-tropical storms can test even experienced operations. A written plan, safe evacuation route, reliable animal identification and well-maintained handling equipment can make a critical difference. 

Visit your local Feeds’n Needs before severe weather arrives to prepare your farm emergency kit and stock up on available stable accessories, halters, lead ropes, buckets, hooks, livestock-handling supplies, feed and bedding. 

Preparation protects more than property, it protects the animals and people who depend on your farm. 

 

Hay Storage & Hay Quality Guide for Fall: How to Inspect, Store & Protect Your Hay for Winter in Atlantic Canada

As summer winds down, many livestock and horse owners shift their focus toward one of the most important jobs of the season—preparing hay for fall and winter. 

Whether you’re feeding a few backyard sheep, a small family horse barn, or a commercial cattle operation, the quality of the hay you store this fall will directly impact the health of your animals throughout the winter months. 

Atlantic Canada’s unpredictable weather brings unique challenges. Late summer humidity, hurricane season, and early fall rain can quickly turn quality hay into wasted feed if it isn’t stored correctly. 

Here’s how to evaluate your hay, improve storage conditions, and ensure your livestock have a safe, nutritious feed supply all winter long. 

 

Why Hay Quality Matters 

Hay isn’t just filler—it’s often the primary source of fiber and nutrition for livestock throughout the winter.
Poor-quality hay can result in: 

• Weight loss
• Reduced milk production 
• Lower body condition 
• Increased feed waste 
• Respiratory issues from mold or dust 
• Digestive problems
  Taking the time to inspect your hay now can prevent costly problems later in the season. 

 

Step 1: Evaluate Your Current Hay Supply
Before purchasing additional hay, take inventory of what you already have. 

Ask yourself: 

• How many bales remain? 
• Are they dry and well stored? 
• Has any hay become moldy or weather damaged? 
• Will your current inventory last until spring?
  Many producers underestimate winter feed requirements. 

As a general guideline, horses and livestock consume approximately 2–3% of their body weight daily in forage, depending on species, age, workload, and production stage. 

If your numbers look tight, now is the time to secure additional hay before supplies become limited. 

 

Step 2: Check Every Bale 

Not all hay is created equal.
When evaluating square or round bales, inspect for: 

• Color: Good hay should remain green to light green. Excessively brown or faded hay may have lost valuable nutrients. 

• Smell: Quality hay has a fresh, sweet smell. 

Avoid hay that smells: Musty, Sour, Damp, Mold; These are signs moisture has entered the bale. 

• Texture: Hay should feel dry and springy—not wet or slimy. Overly dusty hay can contribute to respiratory irritation, especially in horses. 

• Watch for Mold: Never feed moldy hay. Mold spores may not always be visible but can seriously affect horses, cattle, goats, sheep, and other livestock. 

Look for: 

• White or grey fuzzy patches
• Black discoloration
• Excessive heating 
• Damp pockets within round bales
  When in doubt, don’t feed questionable hay. 

 

Step 3: Inspect Your Hay Storage Area 

Your barn protects more than your equipment—it protects your winter feed investment.
Late summer is the perfect time to inspect your storage before fall weather arrives. 

Walk through your hay storage and check for: 

• Roof leaks
• Missing shingles 
• Loose metal roofing 
• Soft spots in the ceiling 
• Wet walls 
• Broken siding 
• Cracked foundations allowing water inside 

Atlantic Canada often experiences tropical storms and hurricanes well into the fall. 

One unnoticed roof leak can ruin dozens of bales during a single heavy rain event.
Repair these issues before your barn is full for winter. 

 

Step 4: Make Airflow a Priority 

Even perfectly dry hay needs ventilation.
Without proper airflow, moisture becomes trapped, increasing the risk of: 

• Mold 
• Heating 
• Spoilage 
• Fire hazards 

For best results: 

• Leave space between stacks and walls. 
• Keep aisles open for air movement. 
• Avoid packing bales too tightly. 
• Open barn doors on dry days to improve ventilation. 
• Use fans where natural airflow is limited. 
• Round bales stored outside should never sit directly on the ground.
  Use pallets, crushed stone, or a well-drained pad to reduce moisture absorption from below. 

 

Step 5: Store Hay Off the Floor 

Ground moisture slowly moves upward into stored hay. Even concrete floors can transfer moisture over time. 

Use: 

• Wooden pallets
• Landscape timbers 
• Railroad ties 
• Hay racks 
• Keeping hay elevated improves airflow underneath while reducing spoilage. 

 

Step 6: Rotate Older Hay First 

Practice “first in, first out.”
Use older hay before newly harvested bales. This helps maintain feed quality while reducing unnecessary waste.
Mark different hay lots or harvest dates if possible, to make rotation easier throughout winter. 

 

Step 7: Plan Before Supplies Tighten 

Many Atlantic Canadian producers begin purchasing winter hay in late summer and early fall.
Waiting until the first snowfall—or after a poor second cut—can mean: 

• Higher prices 
• Limited selection 
• Longer delivery times 
• Lower-quality hay 

If your inventory appears short, don’t wait until October or November to start looking. Planning ahead gives you more options and helps avoid emergency purchases later in the season. 

 

 A Few Minutes Today Can Save You All Winter 

Hay is one of the biggest investments many farms make each year. 

Spending an afternoon inspecting your hay, repairing storage areas, and calculating your winter feed requirements can prevent unnecessary waste and help keep your animals healthy throughout the colder months. 

Whether you’re feeding two backyard goats or managing a barn full of horses, proper hay storage is one of the simplest ways to protect both your animals and your investment. 

At Feeds’n Needs, we’re here to help you prepare for the season ahead with quality livestock feeds, horse nutrition, minerals, bedding, feeders, and the supplies you need for a successful fall and winter. 

Visit your local Feeds’n Needs store and let our team help you get ready before winter arrives. 

 

 

Barnyard Bite Prevention
Flea & Tick Control for Livestock in Atlantic Canada 

Protecting Cattle, Sheep, Goats & Pigs from Seasonal Parasites 

 

When warmer weather arrives in Atlantic Canada, livestock owners know that pest season is never far behind. While flies often get most of the attention on the farm, fleas and ticks can also create problems for cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs — especially on farms with wooded pasture, tall grass, brush lines, damp bedding, or mixed animal housing. 

Flea and tick prevention for livestock is an important part of seasonal animal health. These small pests can cause skin irritation, scratching, hair loss, discomfort, reduced weight gain, and stress on your animals. Ticks may also carry disease, making regular prevention and inspection an important habit for farms across Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland. 

At Feeds’n Needs, we carry livestock pest control products, barn insect sprays, fly traps, bedding, dust bath supplies, and animal health essentials to help keep your herd, flock, and barn protected through flea, tick, and fly season. 

 

Which Animals Are Most at Risk?
Every farm is different, but these animals commonly encounter ticks in Atlantic Canada: 

• Cattle grazing wooded fence lines or rough pasture 
• Goats that browse brush and shrubs 
• Sheep in long pasture or bushy paddocks 
• Outdoor pigs rooting in wooded or grassy areas
  Peak tick activity typically occurs through spring and early summer, with another increase during the fall, although ticks can remain active whenever temperatures stay mild. 

 

Signs Your Livestock May Have Fleas or Ticks
Keep an eye out for:

• Excessive scratching or rubbing 
• Hair loss or damaged coats
  
• Scabs or irritated skin 
• Visible ticks attached around the ears, neck, brisket, udder, tail, or under the legs. 
• Restlessness while grazing 
• Poor weight gain or reduced productivity in heavy infestations
  Checking animals during routine handling is one of the easiest ways to catch problems before they become severe. 

Prevention Starts in the Pasture
The best flea and tick control is best combined with good management and the right animal health products. 

Rotate Pastures: Rotational grazing helps reduce the time livestock spend in heavily infested areas while improving pasture health. 

Mow High-Traffic Areas: Keeping grass shorter around gates, waterers, laneways, and handling facilities reduces places where ticks like to wait for passing animals. 

Trim Brush Along Fence Lines: Ticks thrive in damp, shaded vegetation. Clearing back brush and overgrown edges reduces ideal habitat. 

Inspect New Animals: Before introducing new livestock into the herd or flock, give them a thorough health check to help prevent bringing unwanted parasites onto the farm. 

Integrated pest management—combining pasture management, monitoring, and appropriate treatments—is considered the most effective long-term approach for controlling livestock pests while reducing reliance on pesticides alone. 

 

Barn Tips That Make a Difference
Many parasites spend part of their life cycle away from the animal, making barn hygiene just as important as treating livestock. 

A few simple habits can help: 

• Replace wet or heavily soiled bedding regularly. 
• Remove manure frequently to discourage insect breeding. 
• Improve ventilation to reduce damp conditions. 
• Keep feed storage areas clean to discourage rodents and wildlife. 
• Seal cracks and repair damaged walls where pests can hide. 
• Clean pens thoroughly between groups of animals.
  A clean barn is one of the easiest ways to reduce parasite pressure throughout the season. 

Products Available at Feeds’n Needs
Every farm has different needs, so choosing the right product depends on the species, age, and management system. 

Visit your local Feeds’n Needs for products such as: 

• Livestock fly and tick control products 
• Pour-on insecticide treatments* 
• Premise and barn insect sprays 
• Fly traps and sticky traps 
• Livestock dust bags and applicators 
• Mineral supplements to support overall health 
• Bedding products that help keep housing clean and dry
  Our knowledgeable staff can help you choose products that are labelled for your specific livestock species and explain proper application and withdrawal requirements. 

*Always read and follow the product label before use. Use only products approved for the species you are treating and observe all meat and milk withdrawal periods where applicable. 

Don’t Forget Daily Herd Checks
During tick season, a quick visual inspection while feeding or moving livestock can save time and money later. 

Pay special attention to: 

• Around the ears 
• Under the jaw 
• Between the legs 
• Tail head 
• Udder or sheath 
• Neck and shoulders
  Removing attached ticks early and treating infestations promptly helps reduce stress on your animals and limits further spread. 

We’re Here to Help 

Whether you raise a few backyard goats or manage a commercial beef herd, preventing fleas and ticks is far easier than dealing with a heavy infestation later in the season. 

Stop by your nearest Feeds’n Needs location for advice on livestock parasite control, barn management products, and seasonal animal health supplies. Our team is here to help keep your animals healthy, comfortable, and productive all summer long.