What is Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)?
Avian Influenza (AI), commonly known as Bird Flu, is a contagious viral infection that affects all bird species, including poultry such as chickens and turkeys, as well as pet and wild birds. The AI virus is classified into two types based on the severity of the illness it causes: low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). While LPAI typically causes mild or no symptoms, HPAI can lead to severe illness and high mortality rates in birds. Visit Government of Canada website for more information.
Transmission and Spread
Birds spread the avian flu virus to one another through secretions and droppings. Wild birds, especially waterfowl like ducks, often carry the virus without showing symptoms and can spread it over long distances. Domestic birds, however, can become severely ill when infected.
Signs of Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)
- A drop in egg production, often accompanied by decreased eggshell quality
- Huddling, depression, decreased activity, and reduced feed and water consumption
- Mild to severe respiratory symptoms, such as coughing, sneezing, noisy breathing, and discharge from the eyes and sinuses
- Swollen sinuses (particularly in turkeys)
- Diarrhea, swelling of the head and face, and/or nervous disorders
- Sudden increase in mortality (death rate), which can reach up to 100% without any other signs of sickness
Prevention Measures
To protect your flock from Avian Influenza, consider the following preventive measures:
- Keep Birds Undercover: Avoid letting your backyard flocks free-range until the threat of spread is eliminated.
- Disinfect Clothing and Shoes: Keep your backyard/barn clothing and shoes disinfected and separate from those you wear in public.
- Clean Bird Feeders and Water Baths: Regularly clean and disinfect bird feeders, water baths, and the surrounding area, ideally on a daily basis.
Importance of Biosecurity
Biosecurity is crucial in preventing the spread of Avian Influenza. Implementing strict biosecurity measures, such as controlling access to your birds, maintaining cleanliness, and monitoring for signs of illness, can significantly reduce the risk of infection.
Reporting Signs of Infection
If you suspect an outbreak of Avian Influenza, it is essential to report it immediately. Contact your local veterinarian or the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) for guidance and assistance.
By staying vigilant and implementing these measures, you can help protect your poultry and contribute to the overall health of the bird population.
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